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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fetal alcohol syndrome |
Physical malformation in face and brain + intellectual impairment in children born of alcoholic mothers |
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Multiple sclerosis |
Loss of myelin (sclerosis plaques) on motor and sensory tracts with loss in sensation, blurring vision and loss in limb control |
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Huntington disease |
Genetical disease affecting basal ganglia with intellectual detoriation in memory and processing speed, personality changes and choreas or abnormal movement |
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Influence of basal ganglia in Huntington |
Atrophy causes imbalance in neurotransmitter mechanism in which the death of GABA and ACh cells causes less DA inhibition |
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Tourette's syndrome |
Abnormalities in basal ganglia and frontoparietal causing tics, inarticulate cries, echololia and coprolalia |
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Parkinson's disease |
Slow progressing motor disorder associated with positive symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, and involuntary movements as well as negative symptoms such as postural, righting, locomotion and speech disorders and akinesia |
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Causes of Parkinson |
- idiopathic - postencephalitic (substantia nigra) - drug induced |
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Alzheimers disease |
Amyloid/ tau plaques and neurofibrillary tangled causing reduction in large neurons, dendritic arborisation and less hippocampus growth leading to lemony loss, poor concentration and social changes |
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Cognitive reserve |
Resilience because of exercise, intellectual stimulation and leisure activity so that the brain (branching + plasticity) can tolerate more pathology before experiencing functional decline |
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Risk factors for alzheimer |
Pre-diabetes, metabolic sybdrom3, lower serum folate, neuropsychiatric symptoms but NOT education |
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Diagnosing dementia |
- history taking - cognitive testing (MMSE) - neuroimaging hippocampus and temporal lobe - vascular obnormalities - functional imaging DA and amyloid/ tau - cerebrospinal fluid |
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Nonmotor sympotoms of Parkinson |
Fluctuations in cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with l-dopa treatment Devided into autonomic, neuropsychiatric, sensory/pain-related |
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physiology of Parkinson's fluctuations |
imbalance in the direct and indirect pathway because of DA cell death in which DA fluctuations are only based on l-dopa intake |
