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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of infancy?
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Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust and effects hope and drive
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of Toddlerhood?
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Lasting outcome: self-control and will power |
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of Preschool?
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Initiative vs. Guilt, Lasting outcome: Direction and Purpose
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of Middle Childhood?
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Industry vs. Inferiority, Lasting outcome: method and competency
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of Adolescence?
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Identity vs. role confusion, Lasting outcome devotion and fidelity.
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of Young Adulthood?
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Intimacy vs. Isolation, Lasting outcome: affiliation and love
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of Middle Adulthood?
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Generativity vs. stagnation, lasting outcome: production and care
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According to Erikson what is the psychosocial stage of older adulthood?
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Ego integrity vs. despair, Lasting outcome: Renunciation and wisdom
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According to Piaget's levels of cognitive development what stage would a 0-2 year old be in?
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sensorimotor: thought dominated by physical manipulation of objects and events
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According to Piaget's levels of cognitive development what stage would a 2-7 year old be in?
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Preoperational: functions symbolically using language as a major tool
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According to Piaget, what level of cognitive development would a 7-11 year old be in?
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Concrete Operations: Mental reasoning processes assume logical approaches to solving concrete problems.
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According to Piaget, what level of cognitive development would a 11-15 year old be in?
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Formal Operations: True logical thought and manipulation of abstract concepts emerge.
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What would be expected behavior of a one month old?
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Follows with eyes, hands closed, strong grasp reflex, turns head, knees tucked under abdomen, head lags, prefers faces, cries at displeasure
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What would be the expected behavior of a two month old?
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hands open frequently, holds head up, looks downward, smiles responsively, vocalizes, cries become differentiated, coos
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What would the expected behavior of a three month old be?
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puts hands together, holds hands in front of face, pulls blankets, maintains posture, interested in surroundings, laughs, coos, babbles
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What would the expected behavior of a four month old be?
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grasps rattle, inspects hands, carries objects in mouth, lifts head, roll over, is bored when left alone, shows memory, squeals, vocalizations change with mood
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What would the expected behavior of a five month old be?
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Can reach and pick up objects, rolls over and back, can push up on forearms, smiles spontaneously, playful, rapid mood changes, distinguishes family, vowels with consonants
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What would the expected behavior of a 6 month old be?
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hold spoon, holds bottle, supports almost all weight when in standing position, recognizes parents, holds arms out to be picked up, sound imitation occurs
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What would be expected of a 12 month old?
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hold cup or spoon and feed self fairly well with practice, offers toys and releases them, able to twist and turn and maintain posture, sit from stand, stand alone momentarily, shows jealousy, affection anger and fear, security blanket, imitates animal sounds
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What would be expected of a 2 year old?
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turn doorknob, takes of shoes and socks, turns pages in book, walk up stairs by self, walk backwards, kick ball, parellel play demonstrated, pulls people to show them something, 300 word vocabulary, 3 word phrases, pronouns, I you, uses names
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What is physiological anorexia?
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when two year olds go several days without eating and then eat alot on one day
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What are toddlers prone to suffocation and strangulation?
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Blood vessels are easily depressed
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How do toddlers gain their independence?
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walking and saying "no"
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Why don't 2 or 3 year olds get their tonsils taken out?
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Because there is a chance they might grow back
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What is ritualism?
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when toddlers get the same routines like same cup and bowl.
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What dental rituals do you need to start early with children?
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Going to the dentist every 6 months and assisting with flossing teeth
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How should you prepare a child for starting school?
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Talk about the bus, go to open house, start a routine a couple weeks before of getting up early.
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What is the appropriate length of time to put a 3 year old in time out?
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3 minutes
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What is the difference between night mares and sleep terrors?
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sleep terrors are when the child is still sleeping
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At what age does a lordosis curvature for the spine subside for toddlers?
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age three
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What age kids become very curious about their bodies?
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When they are in preschool
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How much TV is appropriate for a child to watch?
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1 hour a day
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What are growing pains and how do you help them?
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This happens when bones grow faster than muscle. You can gently massage and take a warm bath.
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Why are adolescents so self conscious?
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Imaginary audience
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Do boys or girls have a growth spurt first?
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Girls
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How do we promote adolescents to obtain proper nutrition?
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Let them get involved in preparing and planning meals
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If a child admits to thoughts of suicide what should you do?
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Take them seriously
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In order to potty train what must a child be able to do?
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Child must be physiologically and psychologically ready. able to walk and pull up pants; dislike feeling of wet diapers
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What is the best thing to do if a child has a temper tantrum
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Always ignore a child who is having a temper tantrum.
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What stage are preschoolers in according to Erikson?
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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What are things you can look for in an assessment that could point to signs poverty, cultural issues, homelessness...
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uncleanliness, behind developmentally
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What does informed consent mean?
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the duty of provider to discuss risk/benefits of a treatment/procedure with an individual prior to giving care.
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What does assent mean?
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the pediatric client has been informed about what will happen during the treatment or procedure, and is willing to permit a provider to perform care
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emancipation?
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is the legal recognition that a minor lives independently and is legally responsible for his or her own support and decision making
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What are some things that could cause developmental delays?
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environment, teenage mothers without appropriate parenting skills, kids with chronic illnesses that are being cared for in the home.
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motor ability coordination, sensory skills developing; basic feelings, emotions, a sense of self and being independent become important
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toddler; 1 to 3 years
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period of rapid growth and change; attachments to family members and other caregivers are formed; trust develops
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Infant: birth to 1 year
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continued physiological, psychological, and cognitive growth; better able to care for themselves, interested in playing with other children; beginning to develop a concept of who they are
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preschooler; 3 to 6 years
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interested in achievement; ability to read, write and complete academic work advances; understanding of the world broadens
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school age; 6 to 12 years
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transition period between childhood and adulthood; physiological maturation occurs, formal operational though begins; preparation for becoming an adult takes place
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Adolescent; 12 to 19 years or later
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What are the principles of growth and development?
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It is directional, unique for each child, interrelated, differentiated, increasingly integrated and complex, competent, new skills predominate,
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What physician originated the psychosexual theory with the unconscious motivation being important?
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Freud
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Freud's id
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infancy; when all elements of the personality are driven by selfish urges: pleasure principle
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Freud's ego
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rational component of personality: Childhood-throughout life span
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Freud's super ego
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conscience, emerges when child internalizes care-giver values, roles, and morals. becomes apparent when child learns socially accepted behavior
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receives satisfaction from oral needs being met; attachment to mother important because she usually meets infants needs
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Oral: birth to 1 yr
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learns to control body functions, especially toileting
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Anal: 1 to 3 years
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Fascinated with gender differences, childbirth; Oedipal or Electra complex
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Phallic: 3-6 years
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Sexual drives submerged; appropriate gender roles adopted; learning about society
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Latency 6-11 yeras
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Sexual drives directed toward opposite gender; learns how to form loving relationships and manage sexual urges in socially appropriate ways
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Genital 12 years +
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Piaget's first stage of cognitive development; during the first two years of life, the individual relies on motor behavior and senses to adapt to the world
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sensorimotor stage
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Piagetian term for second stage of cognitive development; children between the age of 2 and 7 years old think symbolically and have not mastered logical operations
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preoperational stage
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Piaget's third stage of cognitive development; acquisition of logical operations and effective reasoning skills
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concrete operations stage
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Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development; individuals from 11-12 and up begin thinking systematically and rationally about hypothetical events and abstract concepts
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formal operations satage
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first level of kohlberg's moral reasoning; societal rules are not yet internalized, judgements are based on reward or punishment
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preconventional morality
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Second level of kohlberg's moral reasoning; societal values are internalized; moral judgments are based on a desire to uphold the law and social order or gain approval
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conventional morality
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kohlberg's term for the third level of moral reasoning; moral judgements are based on an abstract understanding of universal principles of justice; may conflict with written laws
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postconventional morality
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What is Neuman's System Theory?
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Is consistent with a family system approach. The family is a target for both assessment and nursing interventions. Goal for nurse is to keep structure stable with in its environment.
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What is the relationship between nurses and families according to King?
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They are partners
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What is the basic concept of Roy's theory?
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The client is constantly interacting with a changing environment. Her goal is to promote adaption and minimize ineffective responses.
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When does the posterior fontanel close? Anterior?
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The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2-3 months of age, while the anterior fontanel closes around 12 to 18 months of age.
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When does stranger anxiety peak and subside?
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Seen at about 8 to 12 months of age
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How much should infants gain a month?
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1.5 lbs
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By 12 months of age, compared to the birth weight how much should the child weight?
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Tripled the birth weight
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How much should the child grown per month as an infant in height?
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1 inch per month.
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