36 A Second Quiz+ Final

Front 1

Define Agora

Back 1

The open place. A place where people heard the statements of authority. One such example was the agora of Athens (6th century BCE)

Front 2

Kore

Back 2

The statue of a woman. Always clothed. Signified an important step forward in Greek art. Used as grave offerings or as offerings to a god or goddess.

Front 3

Kourai

Back 3

Male statue. Always nude. Counterpart to Kore. Remember Aphaia as an advancement in statues in their east pediment.

Front 4

Lyric poetry

Back 4

7th century style borne of the folk songs used for important events. Much shorter than epic poetry. Much more personal, and much more focused on Social attitudes (Archilous as a soldier and a poet)

Front 5

Who was Sappho, and where did she come from?

Back 5

Sappho of Lesbos, a 7th century poet, wrote on aristocratic life. She focused on politics, political violence, erotic love between women, and she much resembled the poet Alcaeus.

Front 6

Agoge

Back 6

Spartan institution for boys (ephebes) to learn how to be soldiers. Boys entered at 7 years old. Endured extreme hardships.

Front 7

What was the Annual event at the Artemis Orthia?

Back 7

A group of boys from the agoge try to steal cheese from another group whilst the other group used whips to fend them off. This was used to determine the most talented Spartan boys.

Front 8

Kryptea in Sparta

Back 8

A force of young Spartan men who were designed to control the helots. They were sent out for a year to spy on the helots, and were encouraged to kill any helots they captured.

Front 9

Laconia

Back 9

Southern point of the Peloponessian peninsula. This is where the Spartan Polis originates, and is the base of their society. 5 villages there claim that they are descendants of Heracles.

Front 10

Messenia

Back 10

The conquered kingdom that was controlled by Sparta. Invaded in the 8th century. Population became helots for the Spartans, few became perioeci. Went to war after 669 BCE with Sparta

Front 11

Perioeci

Back 11

Dwellers about. Fundamental piece of Spartan economy. Perioeci were merchants and traders. Better than helots, but not Spartan citizens. Had to serve in the army, and couldn't engage in politics.

Front 12

Plutarch

Back 12

2nd century CE Roman author writing on Sparta 1000 years after the fact. He conducted research and traveled to Sparta, and also wrote several works on Sparta.

Front 13

Which 5 Spartans did Plutarch write on in his biographies?

Back 13

Lycurgus, Lysander, Agesilaus, Agis, Cleomenes

Front 14

Xenophon

Back 14

Source on Sparta. Served in a mercenary army with Spartans. Exiled from Athens in 390's, and he goes to live in Sparta. Wrote a treatise called "The Spartan Constitution".

Front 15

Name 3 lyric poets and their themes

Back 15

Archilochus of Paros; a soldier and a poet who wrote on loss, sexual endeavor, and abandoning the heroic ideal. Hipponax of Ephesus, who spoke for the street and used graphic obsenity and slang. Tyrtaeus

Front 16

Syssition

Back 16

Spartan daily feast that all, including the 2 kings, had to attend. Spartans were admitted after the age of 20, and all members were required to contribute to the food.

Front 17

Pythagoreans

Back 17

Followers of Pythagorus. Presocratic school that believed in math as a key to understanding the cosmos. Believed that the cosmos was a system of spheres moving in musical harmony.

Front 18

Who were the Milesians?

Back 18

Presocratic philosophers in 6th century Miletus. Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes all debated the substance of the universe and the origin of life.

Front 19

Black method versus red method

Back 19

Black method developed in 6th century BCE Corinth using clay to create a black figure effect on pottery. Red method created in Athens that reversed the method.

Front 20

The presocratic transition

Back 20

Transistion from mythological explanation to rational explanation. 6th century explosion of math, logic, and philosophy

Front 21

What was the major reason for the change in Spartan culture in the 660's?

Back 21

Loss in Hysiae to the Argives, which led to the second Messenian war. Sparta realized the insecurity of their slave system, which caused them to change drastically.

Front 22

What is the Great Rhetra?

Back 22

The rhetra given by the Oracle of delphi that became the Spartan Constitution. Given to Lycurgus in 9th century BCE. Distributist, egalitarian model in Sparta.

Front 23

How were women treated in Sparta?

Back 23

Educated till 18. Could legally own property and participate in gov't. Integral to bearing Spartan children. Not taught in the Agoge.

Front 24

What kind of government was Sparta?

Back 24

Monarchy+Oligarchy+Democracy. Ruled by 2 kings of royal lineage. Led by the Gerousia and the Ephors. All citizens could vote on matters and show approval and dissaproval.

Front 25

Gerousia

Back 25

Spartan institution where 28 men over 60 years old shared judicial power with the 2 kings. Discusses all bills before assembly can. Highest court in the land.