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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the state nurse practice acts?
a. protect the public b. protect the nurse c. protect the nursing profession d. protect the facility |
b. protect the nurse
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How do the state nurse practice acts protect the public
1. defines who can practice 2. defines the scope of practice 3. defines requirements of license 4. defines where nurses can practice |
2. defines the scope of practice
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nursing negligence is...
1. denying patient care 2. practicing out of your scope of practice 3. omitting nursing care that is regulated mandatory by your state 4. omitting or committing an act that a reasonable person would not in a similar situation |
4. ommitting/ commiting an act that a resonably prudent person would not omit or commit under the same or similar circumstances
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What are the 4 elements to nursing negligence?
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1. Duty to provide care
2. duty was breached 3. phys/mental injury occured 4. the breach of duty caused the injury |
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Clients have 3 crucial rights
think: -surgery -peri care -elevator conversation |
informed consent
privacy confidentiality |
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descriptive statistics ________ a set of data
1. explains 2. summarizes 3. describes 4. validates |
2. summerizes
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how do inferential stats assist in research?
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allow investigators to draw conclusions about what is happening between 2 or more variables in a population
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birth rate is
1. number of births per 1,000 ppl 2. number of births per 1,000,000 ppl 3. number of live births 4. number of dead births |
1. number of births per 1,000 ppl
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infant mortality is defined as
1. number of deaths of infants over 1 year of age per 1,000 live births 2. number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 100,000 live births 3. number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 100,000 live births 4. number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births |
4. number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
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maternal mortality is
1. # of deaths during PG cycle per 1,000 live births 2. # of deaths during PG cycle per 100,000 live births 3. # of deaths during PG cycle per 1,000 abortions 4. 3 of deaths during PG cycle per 100,000 complicated births |
2. # of deaths during PG cycle per 100,000 live births
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evidenced based practice care are
1. interventions supported by current, valid research evidence 2. interventions listed on WebMD 3. interventions nursing mentors suggest 4. interventions from other diciplines |
1. interventions are supported by current, valid research evidence
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genetic sex of an embryo is determined
1. at fertilization 2. before 8 weeks 3. after 8 weeks 4. upon sonogram |
1. at fertilization
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male and female sex are undifferentiated
1. for the first 12 weeks 2. for the first 16 weeks 3. for the first 8 weeks 4. for the first 4 weeks |
3. for the first 8 weeks
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after 8 weeks
1. the embryo's sex is undiferentiated 2. the embryo's genetic sex is undetermined 3. the embryo's medulla develops into testis 4. the embryo's cortex develops into ovaries |
3. the embryos medulla develops into testis
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after 10 weeks
1. the embryo begins to produce sperm 2. the embryo begins to produce ovum 3. the embryo requires a rush of testosterone 4. the embryo's cortex develops into ovaries |
4. the embryos cortex develops into ovaries
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is the cortex the outer or inner layer?
what about the medulla? |
the medulla is the inner layer
the cortex is the outer layer |
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by the 12th week
1. sex is still to be determined 2. external genitalia is complete 3. sex is undetermined 4. the medulla turns into testis |
2. external genitalia is complete
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if fetal testosterone is not present at the 12th week the undifferentiated external genitals will
1. masculinize 2. shrink 3. feminize 4. continue to grow |
3. feminize
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oocytes are
1. bacteria 2. virus 3. undeveloped testis 4. immature eggs |
4. immature eggs
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all of a woman's eggs are present
1. at birth 2. at menarchy 3. at menapause 4. first time sex |
1. at birth
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the production of viable sperm happens for males
1. at birth 2. about 11 years old 3. first time sex 4. onset of puberty |
4. onset of puberty
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when a women is on BC for extended period, what happens to her eggs?
1. they are maintained 2. they continue to die 3. they are slightly maintained 4. they die at a slower rate |
2. they continue to die
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once a man reaches puberty his sperm will remain viable
1. throughout his life 2. until he is 65 3. until he is 95 4. until he is 100 |
1. throughout his lifespan
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Development period with attainment of adult sexual characteristics/function is
1. menarche 2. the effects of testosterone 3. the effects of estrogen 4. puberty |
4. puberty
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boys or girls hit puberty first
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girls. boys 2 years behind
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puberty generally lasts
1. 1-2 year 2. 1.5-5 year 3. 2-6.5 year 4. 3-7 year |
2. 1.5-5 years
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what are the signs in succession for puberty in women
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hips broad
breast bud pubic hair axillary hair |
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what are the signs in sucession for puberty in men
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linear growth spurt
increased ball size axillary hair facial hair/voice deepens |
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the initiation of puberty is achieved by
1. maturation of anterior pituitary 2. ingestion of 2,500 kcal/day 3. maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad complex+input from CNS 4. maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad complex+input from hormones |
3. maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad complex and input from CNS
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explain the route of hormones during the onset of puberty
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CNS>GnRH>Ant. Pit>FSH+LH>stimulate increased secretion of estrogen/androgens
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2 functions of bony pelvis
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1.support/protect pelvic contents
2. form fixed axis of birth passage |
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list these in order of most common pelvic to least common
anthropoid platepelloid android gynecoid |
gynecoid
anthropoid android platypelloid |
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breasts are
1. exocrine glands 2. serous glands 3. sebaceous glands 4. mucous glands |
3. sebaceous glands
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which breast is typically bigger than the other?
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left breast. b/c it sits on the heart
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the breast is composed of
1. glandular structures 2. fibrous structures 3. adipose tissue 4. all of the above |
4. all of the above
glands fibers adipose |
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the female reproductive cycle consists of
1. ovarian cycle 2. phallic cycle 3. menstrual cycle 4. 1, 2 |
1,2
ovarian and menstrual cycle |
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what are the types of estrogen
1. estrone, b-estradiol, estriol 2. estrane, b-estradiol, estriol 3. estrone, alpha-estradiol, estriol 4. estrong, b-estradiol, estrole |
1. estrone, b-estradiol, estriol
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which is the main female estrogen
1. estrone 2. estrane 3. b-estradiol 4. estriol |
3. b-estradiol
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what are the functions of estrogen hormones in female reproduction
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ASSIST in maturation of ovarian follicles
PROLIFERATE endometrial mucosa INHIBIT FSH STIMULATE LH |
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Progesterone is wcreted by
1. The uterus 2. The corpus leuteum 3. The fertilized egg 4. The ovaries |
Progesterone is secreted by the corpus leuteum
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How does progesterone influence a pregnancy
1. It finalises it 2. It progresses it 3. It maintains it 4. It terminates it |
Progesterone maintains a pregnancy
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Progesterone acts directly on the body by
1. Increasing contractions 2. Producing amniotic fluid Influencing the sd of the baby 4. Decrease uterine motility and contractility |
Progesterone decreases contractility and motility in the uterus caused by estrogen
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Progesterone
1. Prepares the ovaries for implantation 2. Prepares the cervix for birth 3. Prepares the vagina for birth 4. Prepares the endometrium for implantation |
Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation
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Which hormone makes women's temperature rise and spike during pregnancy
1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone 3. Oxytocin 4. Progesterine |
Progesterone Is what makes women's temperatures spike and rise
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Group E and F Prostaglandins are produced by
1. Cells of the cervix 2. Cells of the endometrium 3. Cells of the ovaries 4. Cells of the embryo |
Cells of the endometrium produce prostaglandins
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Group e prostaglandins are
1. Contract smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction 2. Relax smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction 3. Contract smooth muscle and cause vasodilation 4. Relax smooth muscle and cause vasodilation |
Group e prostaglandins cause smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation
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Prostaglandin F
1. Contract smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction 2. Relax smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction 3. Contract smooth muscle and cause vasodilation 4. Relax smooth muscle and cause vasodilation |
Prostaglandin F Causes smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction
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The function of prostaglandin E and F is
1. Pregnancy maintenance 2. Pregnancy facilitation 3. Pregnancy initiation 4. Ovulation and menstartion |
Prostaglandin E and F are responsible for ovulation and menstration
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what are the primary organs for controlling the females reproductive cycle
HyaPO |
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary ovaries |
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the follicular stage is
1. 10-12 days 2. 11-20 days 3. 1-3 days 4. 1-14 days |
the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle is 1-14 days long
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during the follicular phase immature follicles mature as the result of
1. FSH 2. LH 3. GnRH 4. Estrogen |
immature follicles mature due to FSH
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what is the travel path of an immature follicle
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1.follicle travels to outer surface of ovum
2. ovum matures 3. it is discharged from ovary 4. it travels down fallopian tube |
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ovum are fertile for
1. 3-48 hrs 2. 2-12 hr 3. 6-24 hr 4. 8-16 hr |
ovum are fertile for 6-24 hours
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the luteal phase begins when
1. LH is present 2. ovum leaves its follicle 3. FSH is present 4. menstration begins |
the luteal phase beings when the ovum leaves its follicle
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what is the corpus luteum developed from?
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the bursts follicle
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ovums leave follicles due to a surge of
1. LH 2. FSH 4. GrRH 5. Progesterone |
ovum leaves its follicle due to the Lutenizing hormone
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what are the 4 phases of menstrual cycles
massive PSI |
the 4 phases
maturation proliferation secretory ischemic |
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during menstruation period, hormones are high or low
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hormones are low during menstruation
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during menstruation the endometrium
1. is in a working state 2. is in an ischemic state 3. is in a resting state 4. is in a shedding state |
during menstruation, the endometrium is in a resting state
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after menstruation, the endometrium is
1. 1-2 mm thicker 2. 1-2 mm thinner 3. 1-2 mm thick 4. 1-2 cm thick |
after menstuation, the endometrium is 1-2 mm thick
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how long does it take for women to develop a regular menstrual cycle
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2 years
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during menstruation, cervical mucous is
1. scant, viscous, opaque 2. copious, thin, watery 3. scant, thin, opaque 4. copious, viscous, opaque |
during menstruation, cervical mucous is scant, viscous, and opaque
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during the proliferative phase
1. estrogen levels decrease 2. estrogen levels increase 3. estrogen levels are unaffected 4. estrogen levels vary |
during the proliferation phase, estrogen levels increase
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during the proliferative phase
1. endometrium thickens 6-8x 2. endometrium thickens thickens 3-4x 3. endometrium thins 6-8x 4. endometrium thins 3-4x |
during the proliferation phase the endometrium thickens 6-8 times
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during the proliferative phase
1. cervical mucous is favorable for fertilization 2. cervical mucous prevents fertilization 3. cervical mucous is scant, viscous, and opaque 4. cervical mucous is thin, watery, clear |
during the proliferative phase cervical mucous makes it so that fertilization is favorable
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spinnbarkheit is
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the stretching of vaginal secretions to indicate ovulation
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mittleschermtz is
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ovary pain
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what are the 4 signs of ovulation
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cervical mucous change
basal body temp increase mittelshmerz mid cycle spotting |
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how does the cervical mucous change during ovulation
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amount increases
thin, watery, clear spinnbarkheit greater than 5cm |
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when does a women's basal body temperature rise in r/t ovulation
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24-48hr after
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the secretory phase
1. is before ovulation 2. is after ovulation 3. is during ovulation 4. triggers ovulation |
the secretary phase is after ovulation
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during the secretory phase
1. the endometrium slightly grows 2. the endometrium slightly swells 3. the endometrium secretes 4. the endometrium absorbs |
during the secretory phase the endometrium slightly grows
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what causes the endometrium to swell up slightly during the secretory phase
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progesterone!
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during the secretory phase, the endometrium is preparing for what
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implantation of fertilized ovum
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ischemic phase of menstrual cycle occurs when
1. infection is active 2. fertilization does not occur 3. women begins cycle 4. during spotting |
the ischemic phase beings when fertilization does not occur
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the typical age of menarche is
1. 11 2. 13 3. 15 4. 12 |
the typical age of menarche is 12
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girls usually hit menarche when
1. they reach 100 lb 2. they reach 101 lb 3. they have sex 4. their hormones rise high enough |
girls usually have menarche when they hit 100 lb
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define primary amenorrhea
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a female, 16 yrs old, w/out period
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define 2ndary amenorrhea
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women has a minimum of 3 cycles then stops
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some causes of amenorrhea
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hypothalamic dysfunction
pituitary dysfunction ovaray failure anatomic abnomalities |
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hypothalamic dysfunction that can cause amenorrhea are usually r/t
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rare disorders
tumors stress exessive exersize eating disorders |
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pituitary dysfunction that can cause amenorrhea are usually r/t to
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tumor
medis pituitary failure low prolactin levels trauma cancer |
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what are 2 meds that can cause amenorrhea
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ssri
xanax |
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ovarian failure that results in amenorrhea is usually r/t
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PCOS
radiation chemo viral infxn |
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anatomical variances that can cause amenorrhea
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absence of uterus, ovaries or vagina
imperforated hymen |
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explain primary dysmenorrhea
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cramps w/out underlying dx
r/t ^ prostaglandins when she gets pre go, this usually stops tx: NSAIDS |
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explain 2ndary dysmenorrhea
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due to underlying dx
endometriousis PID ovarian cyst IUD tx: -NSAID -Heat -VIT B E - decrease NaCl intake -add OC |
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define PMS
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a complex list of symptoms that are behavioral and physical caused by the luteal phase of menstruation cycle
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where in the body are symptoms of PMS
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psychologic
neurologic respiratory GI urinary Derm mammary musculoskeletal |
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a women wants to know what she can do to reduce PMS
1. increase caffeine and VIT E 2. restrict caffeine and alcohol 3. increase protein and exercise 4. all of the above |
women can reduce caffeine, red meat, and ETOH
they can add VIT b6 and E |
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a women comes to you scared she has breast cancer b/c her breasts are tender. you ask
1. is there a hx of BC in fam? 2. when was your last menstrual cycle? 3. do you smoke? 4. when was your last mammogram? |
ask her when her last period was. women's breasts typically get tender before menstruation (PMS)
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what is menopause
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absence of menstruation for one full year
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menopause occurs
1. 40-50 yrs old 2. 45-55 yrs old 3. 50-60 yrs old 4. 45-52 yrs old |
menopause occurs typically 45-52 years old
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what is the cause of menopause, physiologically
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the ovaries stop producing enough estrogen
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how does menopause effect a women's musculoskeletal systesm
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osteoporsis
decrease bone strength |
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what are the 3 most often fractured sites in women of menopause age
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femur
wrist spine |
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mitosis leads to production of ....
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mitosis produces diploid cells which are exact copies of an original cell
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meiosis leads to production of...
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cell division leading to development of egg and sperm
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where does fertalization take place?
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the outer third of the fallopian tube is where fertalization takes place
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estrogen increases/decreases peristalsis within fallopian tubes
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estrogen increases peristalsis within fallopian tubes
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ova are fertalized ______ hours after ovulation
1. 6-12 2. 12-24 3. 12-18 4. 12-20 |
ova are fertalized 12-24 hours after ovulation
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sperm can survive ______hrs in female
1. 12-24 2. 24-48 3. 48-72 4. 40-72 |
sperm can survive 48-72 hours in the female reproductive tract.
they are healthy and vital for 24 hours |
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define capacitation
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the removal of coating around sperm. this must happen in order for sperm to penetrate the egg
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define acrosomal
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a structure which releases enzymes to break down the outer layer of ovum, allowing sperm to penetrate
it also prevents other sperm from penetrating |
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each sperm and ova contain a ______ number of chromsomes
1. hapliod 2. diploid 3. triploid 4. specific |
each sperm ovum contain a haploid number of cells
when the two meet, 46 chromosomes are formed. this is a diploid |
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fraternal dizygotic means
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there are two separate ova fertalized by two sperm
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what is the ovum to sperm ratio is identical twins
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1 egg
2 sperms |
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identical twins have the same/different sex and the same/different genotype
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identical twins have the same sex and genotype
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how long is the pre-embryonic stage?
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0-14 days
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during the pre-embryonic stage, cell growth is rapid or slow
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cell growth is rapid during the preembryonic stage
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during the pre-embryonic stage, when does the zygote implant itself?
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around 7-10 days the zygote implants itself
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what are the 3 primary germ layers?
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ectoderm
mesoderm endoderm |
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the chorion is the
1. outer most membrane 2. middle membrane 3. inner membrane 4. the begining of the placenta |
the chorian is the outer most membrane for the embryo
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the amnion membrane originates from the ______derm
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ectoderm is where the amnion membrane originates from
it is protective and produces amniotic fluid |
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what two membranes from the amniotic sack
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chorion and amnion
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when does the placenta begin to function
1. first week 2. third week 3. first 10 days 4. first 17 days |
the placenta begins to function at the 3rd week
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what is the dirty duncan and the shiny shultz
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dirty duncan: materal part of placenta. red flesh like
shiny shultz: fetal part of placenta. shiny and grey |
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what are the functions of the placenta
1. metabolism 2. respiration 3. waste elimination 4. all of the above |
the placenta is for respiration, emtabolism and excretion
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what are the 4 things the placenta produces r/t metabolic function
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hormones
glycogen cholesterol fatty acids |
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what are the 3 transport functions of the placenta
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diffusion
facilitated transport active transport |
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what are the function of hormones produced by the placenta
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to maintain PG
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what is the pathway of blood from placenta to baby circulation
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1.large branch of umbilical vein
2. ductus venosus 3. fetal VC 4. R atrium 5 foramen ovale 6. L atrium 7. L ventricle 8. Pulm art 9. Ductus arteriosis 10. Decending aorta |
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what sets the rate of fetal HR
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SA node
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when can you see the HR in babies
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4 weeks
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how long is pregnancy?
1. 260 days, 9 lunar months, 39 weeks 2. 265 days, 10 lunar months, 40 weeks 3. 280 days, 9 lunar months, 40 weeks 4. 280 days, 10 lunar months, 40 weeks |
pregnancy is 280 days, 10 lunar months, 40 weeks
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what are the 3 stages of PG
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prembryonic
embryonic fetal |
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how long is the embryonic stage
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the embryonic stage is from day 15-8 weeks
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how long does the fetal stage last
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the fetal stage lasts from 8 weeks until birth
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true or false: not ALL of the organs systems and external structures are present
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false. ALL of them ARE present during the fetal stage
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women with fibrocystic breast disease experience
1. nodularity in the breast 2. diffuse pain in breast 3. higher risk of BC 4. Benign nipple discharge |
women with firbrocystic breast disease experience nodularity in the breasts
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the cysts in breast of women with fibrocystic b disease are
1. fixed and non tender 2. fixed and tender 3. mobile and non tender 4. mobile and tender |
mobile and tender are cysts in women with FBD
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the most common symptom of FBD is
1. nodularity 2. breast pain 3. nipple discharge 4. dimpling |
breast pain is the most common symptom of FBD
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list 5 tx of FBD
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analgesics
VIT A/E OC limite caffeine/nicotine tamoxifen |
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how long does it take OC to start tx FBD
1. 5 yr 2. 3 yr 3. 2 yr 4. 1 yr |
it usually takes 1 year for OC to help treat FBD
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5 characteristics of fibroadenoma
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freely moveable
solid tumor well defined rounded rubbery texture |
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true or false fibroadenomas are symptomatic and tender
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false
fibroadenomas are asymptomatic and non tender |
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true or false fibroadenoma is not associated with increased risk of BC
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true
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what is galactorrhea
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nipple discharge not associated with lactation
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common causes of galactorrhea
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physiologic
drug induced idiopathic pathologic |
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milky white galactorrhea is due to
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physiologic reasons
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chapter 7 page 2
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chapter 7 page 2
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