3.4 Pathology Of The Mammary Gland

Front 1

What are some mammary gland natural defense mechanisms?

Back 1

・Mechanical barriers (teat orifice & canal)
・Bactericidal compounds on surface of teat canal
・Humoral factors in milk (lactoferrin, opsonins, Ig)
・Cellular factors (nO & mO)

Front 2

What is the most costly disease in dairy herds?

Back 2

Mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland)

Front 3

Hematogenous and percutaneous routes _____ occur.
Usually infectious agents gain access through the _____.

Back 3

Rarely/ Teat canal

Front 4

BACTERIUM that is SPECIFIC and causes CONTAGIOUS mastitis in ruminants and healing is characteristically by FIBROSIS (→ atrophy of quarters (usu. 1))

Back 4

Streptococcus agalactiae

Front 5

BACTERIUM that causes ACUTE inflammation due to ɑ-TOXIN and is characterized by ABSCESSES, NECROSIS (→vasoconstriction→ischemia), GANGRENE in cattle.

Back 5

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 6

BACTERIUM that is GALACTOGENIC (→sudden onset of agalactia) enters by hematogenous route, AFFECTS ALL 4 QUARTERS, responds POORLY to therapy with LACK of obvious signs of systemic illness.

Back 6

MycoPLASMA bovis (Michael wants all the cheese and may cause Mycoplasma Otitis in calves due to contaminated milk)

Front 7

Organism that is ENVIRONMENTAL and infects cows through teat canal. May cause an ACUTE and often FATAL disease (most severe in NEWLY CALVED COWS (immunosuppressed))

Back 7

E. coli (potent ENDOTOXIN → vascular damage → fluid exudate, hemorrhage, thrombosis & necrosis)

Front 8

GRANULOMATOUS mastitis is often caused by...

Back 8

・MycoBACTERIUM bovis (Hematogenous)
・Nocardia asteroides (Iatrogenic)
・Crytococcus neoformans (Iatrogenic)
・Candida spp. (Iatrogenic)

Front 9

MASTITIS in the EWE & GOAT is usually caused by...

Back 9

Staphylococcus aureus
Mannheimia haemolytica

Front 10

A disease of goats primarily where lactating females/kids are SUSCEPTIBLE to infection and likely succumb in the SEPTICEMIC phase of the disease.

Back 10

Contagious agalactia

Front 11

Etiologic agent of CONTAGIOUS AGALACTIA which affects GOATS primarily (and sheep).

Back 11

Mycoplasma agalactiae

Front 12

Viral diseases not commonly associated with masitis but may predispose animals to secondary bacterial disease:

Back 12

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (Maedi-Visna)
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE)
Foot & Mouth Disease

Front 13

Mammary tumors are commonly seen in ____ and ____.

Back 13

Bitches/Queens

Front 14

What are the most commonly diagnosed mammary tumors in dogs?

Back 14

Epithelial tumors (remainder are sarcomas & mixed)

Front 15

______ at an EARLY AGE is well documented to SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE the risk of MAMMARY TUMOR DEVELOPMENT in dogs.

Back 15

Ovariohysterectomy

Front 16

What neoplasm is locally invasive with a very aggressive clinical course and has the WORST PROGNOSIS?


an aggressive disease that

Back 16

Inflammatory carcinomas

Front 17

What PROGNOSTIC FACTORS are taken into consideration when grading canine mammary tumors?

Back 17

・Histological type (carcinoma/sarcoma/mix)
・DEGREE OF INVASION (in circulatio = poor prognosis)
・Degree of nuclear differentiation
・Lymphoid cellular reactivity
・Tumor size (>3cm)
・Ulceration
・Inflammation/inflammatory carcinoma
・Estrogen/progesterone receptor status

Front 18

YOUNGER DOGS are more likely to have ___ neoplasms than older dogs.
OLDER DOGS (>9.5 years) are more likely to have ___ neoplsms

Back 18

Benign/Malignant

Front 19

1. Tumor >5cm in size MORE LIKELY to be ___ & MORE LIKELY to show LN ___.
2. ___ invasion & ___ metastasis are SIGNIFICANT prognostic factors

Back 19

1. Malignant/Metastasis
2. Lymphatic/LN

Front 20

1. How common are feline mammary neoplasms?
2. Most neoplasms in cats are ___.
3. What is the SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR in CATS?

Back 20

1. Not as common as in dogs.
2. Malignant
3. Tumor size (<2 cm = better prognosis)