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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the relationship between the size of an organism or structure and its SA to volume ratio? |
The smaller the organism, the larger its SA to volume ratio |
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What are changes to body shape and developments of systems in larger organisms as adaptations to facilitate exchange? |
As the ratio reduces, adaptions such as smaller ears, larger ears, pointed noses, and other similar variations |
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How do multicellular organisms exchange substances with the environment? Why? |
They have exchange organisms and mass transport systems. This is because diffusion is too slow as some cells are deep within the body and they have a small SA to volume ratio. |
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How do substances diffuse in single celled organisms? |
Substances can diffuse directly in and out across the cell surface membrane |
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How do insects exchange gases? |
Their trachea |
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How do trachea work? |
-Air enters trachea through spiracles (pores on the surface) -Oxygen travels down the concentration gradient towards the cells. -Trachea break off into tracheoles and go to individual cells. -CO2 moves from cells to spiracles to be released into the atmosphere. |
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How do insects get additional oxygen into muscles during flight? |
Water enters from the cell membrane of muscle cells. Muscle cells then respire anaerobically to produce lactate and create a lower water potential causing water to enter. This draws in oxygen to the tracheoles closer to muscle cells so reduces the diffusion distance. |
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How do gases enter fish? |
Counter current |
