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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do cows preform maternal care?
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-cleans young
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Which type of animals do the males usually invest more in?
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fish and amphibians
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How many calories does it cost to be pregnant?
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300/day
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How many calories does it cost to breast feed?
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500/day
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Which animal performs paternal care by carrying the babies in their mouth (mouth burders)
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Cichilid fish
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Which animals require Bi-Parental Care?
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penguins
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Which animals have other individual from the group that help care for the babies?
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Vampire Bats
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When other individual from the group help care for the babies what is it called?
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alloparents/Helpers
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What do the vampire bats do during breeding season?
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if a parent doesnt feed one day another bat will breast feed her baby
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What animal performs "Eusociality" ?
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Termites
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Explain the Eusociality in termites
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only one pair of termites reproduces for the whole group. The rest of the group supports the group.
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What is the assurance of paternity?
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the more confident the male is knows the babies are theirs.
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Which parent should invest in care depends on what?
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-assurance of paternity
-Order of gamete release/Association -Cost of parental care *mating cost *Fertility cost |
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What are the levels of Investment?
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-Virtually
-Oviparous -Ovoviviparous/transitional -Vivparous |
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Which level of Investment?
-provision eggs -Small investment in each offspring -Produce many offspring |
Virtually
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Which level of investments?
-Moderate investment -Moderate number of offspring -Types of investment |
Oviparous (egg birth)
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Which animal is the Oviparous level of investment?
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Sea turtles
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What do Sea turtles do with there eggs?
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They usually come up on the same beach they were born and dig a hole in the sand. lay the eggs cover with debrie and sand. which is use to control temp. Which is important for two reasons. 1. protect from predators 2. temp affect sex
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Which animal leave food for their offspring?
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Monarch caterpillar
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Where do the monarch caterpillar lay their eggs?
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on a milkweed, which is poisonous to most animals but food to the caterpillar
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Which animal defends offspring?
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cichilids
damselfish |
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What gender of the damselfish defends offspring?
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male
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Tell about the damselfish
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Females lay egg in male nest.
the males squirt his sperm on the eggs and then hangs around to protect and fan the eggs |
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Which animal does Incubation of eggs.\?
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Gentoo peguins
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Which animal carry the eggs/Young?
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Crocodiles
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Where do Crocodiles lay eggs and why?
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high on beach or bank to keep eggs warm
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What is Ovoviviparous/transitional?
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usually internal fertilization until eggs hatch and then born.
*no nutrients from mother |
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What is the main benefit of ovoviviparous?
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protection from being eaten =predation
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Which animals are ovovivparous?
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guppies - female
pipefish - male |
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Describe the pipefish
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courtship is elaborate
mates for life male transfer sperm to female Then fertilize eggs are transfer to male |
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Name the ovoiviparous males
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-seahorses
-pipefish -leafy sea dragon |
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Which animal thats not a mammal that has true pregancy?
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peocilid fish
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what are the features that mammals share?
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-warm blood
-fur -lungs -tails at some point in developement |
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which mammal doesn't have true pregancy?
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marsupial = kangaroo
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Why are kangaroo considered not to have true pregancy?
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No placenta - born as fetuses
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What is this??
Retaining young inside the body during early developmental stages. Directly providing nutrients through a placenta & umbilical cord. |
Pregnancy
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Name 3 rhythmic contraction regulated by oxytocin?
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organism - erectile tissue of penis and vagina walss
labor - uterine walls breast feeding - mammary glands |
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What does a Female orgasm do related to reproduction?
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-increase movement of sperm into upper reproductive tract.
-slightly more likely to occur *more feritile *extra pair partner |
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How long does it take for a female to reach orgasm ?
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20 minutes of stimulation
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what is the percentage of female organism with only intercourse?
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20%
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What is the percentage that is meant by women that have regular orgasms?
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50-70%
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What percent of women report difficulties with orgasm?
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15%
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What percent of women can only orgasm by masturbating?
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10%
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What percentage of women have never climaxed?
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10%
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How long does it take for the embryo to make its way to the uterus?
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1 week
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what is the only naturally occuring organ/structure that is made up of two different individuals?
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the placenta
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what are the stages of Labor & Delivery?
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stage 1 - dilation
stage 2 - Expulsion stage 3 - placental phase stage 4 - recovery phase |
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what phase is the most intense part of labor?
What is the dilation of the cervix in this stage? |
transition of dilation
7 - 10cm |
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What is the cervix dilated to with the active phase of dilation?
What is the contraction time in this phase? |
7cm
<5min apart |
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How long is the Expulsion stage?
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20 min - 3 hours
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What phase does the baby begin to move down the birth canal?
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Active phase of expulsion stage
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Name the animals that are oviparous of investment level
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-sea turtles
-monarch -daamselfish -penguin -crocodies |
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What are causes of death of women because of pregancy?
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hemorrhage, infection, obstructed labor,unsafe abortion, health care access
**unusual in other species |
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Increase in ___________ there is a _____________in maternal Mortality
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contraception
decrease |
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What were the two causes of drops in maternal Mortality rate in US 1900 -2000?
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-Discovery & Production of Penicillin
-abortions laws |
