Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
optimal blood glucose levels
|
70 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL
|
|
|
|
Insulin pump is used to treat...
|
both type 1 and type 2 diabetes
|
|
|
|
signs of diabetes mellitus
|
fasting blood glucose higer than 126 mg/dL
hemoglobin A1C levels equal to or greater than 6.5% |
|
|
|
symptoms of diabetes
|
excessive production and passage of urine
excessive thirst excessive eating or hunger glycosuria unexplained weight loss fatigue blurred vision |
|
|
|
long term consequences of (type 1 and type 2) diabetes
|
myocardial infraction
stroke peripheral vascular disease partial or complete blindness gastroparesis (stomach stops moving) bladder dysfunction unaware of hypoglycemia sexual dysfunction foot ulcer and leg amputation (less circulation or undetected injury) proteinuria (protein in urine) chronic renal failure |
|
|
|
macrovascular
|
atherosclerotic plaque
|
1. coronary arteries
2. cerebral arteries 3. peripheral vessels |
|
|
microvascular
|
capillary damage
|
1. retinopathy (retinal damage)
2a. neuropathy, autonomic 2b. neuropathy, somatic 3. nephropathy (kidney damage) |
|
|
type 1 v type 2 diabetes: etiology (what causes it)
|
type 1: Lack of insulin production or production of defective insulin
type 2: Reduced number of insulin receptors; Insulin receptors less responsive |
|
|
|
type 1 v type 2 diabetes: incidence onset (when does it start)
|
type 1: usually younger than 20
type 2: prev. 40+, now seen as young as adolescence |
|
|
|
type 1 v type 2 diabetes: endogenous insulin (levels produced by body)
|
type 1: little to none
type 2: normal to high (early stages) and reduced (later) |
|
|
|
type 1 v type 2 diabetes: treatments
|
type 1: insulin
|
type 2: weight loss, diet and excersize, oral hypoglycemics, (only 1/3 need insulin)
|
|
|
type 1 diabetes severe consequences
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HNKS) |
|
|
|
type 2 diabetes: comorbid conditions
|
Obesity
Coronary heart disease Dyslipidemia Hypertension Microalbuminemia (protein in the urine) Increased risk for thrombotic (blood clotting) events |
|
|
|
Collectively (Obesity, Coronary heart disease, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Microalbuminemia,
Increased risk for thrombotic events) |
insulin-resistance syndrome
metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
Prediabetes
|
Hemoglobin A1C of 5.7% to 6.4%
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels higher than or equal to 100 mg/dL but less than 126 mg/dL Impaired glucose tolerance test (oral glucose challenge) |
|
|
|
insulins restores the diabetic patient’s ability to:
|
Metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Store glucose in the liver Convert glycogen to fat stores |
|
