Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Transitional epithelium Rugae Detrusor |
Three unique features of the bladder are: |
|
|
Trigone |
The region where the ureters connect to the bladder is called the____ |
|
|
Hydration level |
The most important purpose of the kidneys is to maintain your____ ____ |
|
|
Volume Composition Ph |
The three characteristics of blood that the kidney regulates are: |
|
|
Nephron |
The basic unit of structure and function of the kidney is the____ |
|
|
Renal capsule |
The covering layer of the kidney that is the most important in immunity is the____ ____ |
|
|
Arterioles can change diameter |
The reason there is an efferent arteriole is because: |
|
|
Ruptured appendix Bladder infection Blood pathogens |
Three ways the kidney is at risk from infection: |
|
|
Hilus |
The indented portion of the kidney is called the____ |
|
|
60 |
Every drop of blood passes through your kidneys____ times a day |
|
|
1500 |
A normal person produces____ mL of urine a day |
|
|
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion |
The three things that the nephron unit does are: - glomerular____ - tubular_____ - tubular____ |
|
|
Podocytes |
____ are cells in the filtration membrane that make slit pores |
|
|
Proteins |
Urea is a waste product of the breakdown of____ |
|
|
Nucleic acids |
Uric acid is a waste product of the breakdown of____ ____ |
|
|
Simple cuboidal |
Both the PCT and the DCT are made of____ ____ epithelium |
|
|
60 |
The pressure in the glomerulus is____ mmHg |
|
|
Hydrostatic 18 |
The filtrate always present in Bowman's capsule creates____ pressure, which is___ mmHg |
|
|
10 2-3 |
The filtration pressure in the kidney is____ mmHg, whereas it is____ everywhere else |
|
|
Low |
If you are in liver failure and not making albumin, your filtration pressure will be too____ |
|
|
Microvilli |
The proximal convoluted tubule contains____ that make it look hazy under a microscope |
|
|
Active transport |
Glucose is removed from filtrate by means of____ ____ |
|
|
50 Passive transport |
____ of urea is saved by means of____ ____ and is important in protein synthesis |
|
|
90 Active transport |
____ % of uric acid is saved by means of____ ____ and its importance is not understood |
|
|
Gout |
The condition____ is from the settling of uric acid crystals in joints |
|
|
Lowest |
The blood pressure in the peritubular capillary is the____ in the body |
|
|
Highest
Albumin |
The osmotic pressure of the peritubular capillary is the _____ in the body due to the abundance of_____ |
|
|
Na Cl |
In the PCT,____ can slip through microvilli with no trouble, taking water and____ ions with it |
|
|
Aldosterone |
The hormone____ is responsible for putting potassium into filtrate to effect the sodium level |
|
|
Parathormone |
The hormone____ is responsible for putting phosphate ions into filtrate to serve as buffers |
|
|
Aldosterone Parathormone |
Proper pH of the filtrate is maintained by these 2 hormones: |
|
|
0.9% 1 ADH |
In a cell, the normal salt concentration is____ % A hypertonic solution would be____% and____ would be released |
|
|
Angiotensin 2 |
The most powerful vasoconstrictor in the body is____ |
|
|
Cortical |
Most of the nephron units are____ |
|
|
Vasa recta |
The____ ____ receives the water saved by reabsorption in the kidney |
|
|
Concentration gradient |
The countercurrent multiplier system sets up and maintains a____ ____ |
|
|
300 |
The solute concentration of the cortex in the kidney is____ milliosmoles |
|
|
Water Simple cuboidal |
The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to____ and it is made of____ ____ epithelium |
|
|
Sodium |
Pumper molecules in the loop of Henle pump out____ actively |
|
|
Juxtamedullary |
The countercurrent multiplier system only occurs in____ nephron units |
|
|
Sperm Gonad |
The male gamete is a____ and is produced by a____ |
|
|
Germinal ridges |
During embryonic development, the testicles are formed from tissue near the kidneys called____ ____ |
|
|
7 weeks 7 months |
Around____ ____ gestation, the germinal ridges form and at around____ ____ are when the testicles descend |
|
|
Inguinal canal |
The testicles descend by means of the____ ____ |
|
|
Gubernaculum |
The____ is a tissue that pulls the testicles down into the scrotum during descent and anchors them to the bottom. |
|
|
Seminiferous tubule |
Sperm are made in the____ ____ |
|
|
Tunica albuginea Lobules |
The____ ____ encapsulates the epididymis and seminiferous tubules. It also forms partitions called____ |
|
|
Cremaster Dartus |
The____ and the____ are muscles that respond to environmental changes and bring the testicles closer or farther away from the body |
|
|
46 |
Spermatogonia have____ chromosomes |
|
|
Pampiniform blood plexus |
The____ ____ ____ is a part of the spermatic cord that helps to keep the sperm to stay cool |
|
|
Ampulla |
When a male gets a vasectomy, they have to wait to have unprotected sex due to possible presence of sperm in the____ |
|
|
Seminal vesicle |
60% of semen is produced by the____ ____ |
|
|
Alkaline |
The pH of semen is slightly_____ |
|
|
Testosterone |
The interstitial cells of Leydig make____ |
|
|
Androgen binding protein |
Sertoli cells make____ ____ ____ |
|
|
Barrier Nourishment Androgen binding protein Inhibin |
4 unique characteristics of the Sertoli cells are: |
|
|
Puberty FHSRH LHRH |
Gonadotropin is produced at____ and is a combination of____ and____ |
|
|
Sterile |
If an androgen binding protein (ABP) is not found in the Sertoli cell, testosterone will not remain to mature the sperm and the male will be____ |
|
|
Epididymis |
Spermiogenesis occurs in the____ |
|
|
Corpora cavernosa |
The____ ____ is an erectile tissue that surrounds the blood vessels in the penis and contributes to erections |
|
|
Acrosome |
On a sperm, the____ contains proteolytic enzymes that break down the egg's protective coating |
|
|
Mitochondria |
The midpiece of sperm is made mostly of____ |
|
|
3.5 mL 120 million |
In ejaculate, there is____ mL of semen released Each mL of semen contains how many sperm? |
|
|
Orgasm |
The combination of emission and ejaculation is called____ |
|
|
Tunica albuginea |
The entire ovary is covered by the____ ____ |
|
|
Corpus luteum |
After ovulation, the theca becomes the____ ____ |
|
|
Corona radiata |
After ovulation, the granulosum becomes the____ ____ |
|
|
Inverse |
LH/ FSH and estrogen /progesterone's relationship is____ |
|
|
Zona pellucida |
During day 1-5 of the ovarian cycle, a protective coating called the____ ____ forms around the follicle |
|
|
Connective tissue Glands |
Estrogen works to develop____ ____ while progesterone works to develop____ |
|
|
Proliferation Estrogen |
Pre-ovulation is referred to as the____ phase and the primary hormone working is_____ |
|
|
Secretory Progesterone |
The post-ovulation phase is referred to as the____ phase and the primary hormone working is_____ |
|
|
Third |
Fertilization of an egg occurs in the upper____ of the Fallopian tubes |
|
|
LH surge |
Most birth control pills prevent the____ ____ |
|
|
7 |
The endometrium in the uterus is thinnest on day____ |
|
|
Progesterone |
If____ levels aren't high enough after an egg is fertilized, implantation does not occur |
|
|
Corpus luteum |
Human chorionic gonadotropin is released after the egg is fertilized and extends the life of the____ ____ |
|
|
Menopause |
____ occurs when the remaining follicles do not respond to FSH |
|
|
30 hours |
How long does the first division of the zygote take to occur? |
|
|
Blastomeres |
The first division of the zygote results in the formation of 2____ |
|
|
Folic acid |
Having adequate levels of____ ____ is important in ensuring even division of the blastomeres |
|
|
Spina bifida Cleft palate |
Uneven division of the blastomeres results in conditions such as: (2) |
|
|
72 hours |
How long after fertilization does it take for the morula to be formed? |
|
|
Trophoblast |
After a zygote divides and the morula enters the uterus, the corona radiata is now the____ |
|
|
Blastocyst |
After the morula enters the uterus, it is called a____ |
|
|
Blastocele Embryonic tissue |
The blastocyst contains: (2) |
|
|
Pole |
Embryonic tissue migrates toward one____ |
|
|
Chorion |
After implantation, the trophoblast is called the____ |
