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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are fluvial processes?
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Stream or river related processes
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What are three ways fluvial processes shape our terrestrial landscape?
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Erosion, transport of eroded sediments, and the deposition of sediments.
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What is discharge?
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A stream’s volume of flow per unit time.
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Where are floodplains located in relation to streams?
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Adjacent to them.
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What is one structure than can minimize flooding and retain water resources?
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Dams [ "other devices."]
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Who formulated the concept of base level?
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John Wesley Powell (lake named after him).
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So...what is base level?
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The level or plane below which a stream cannot erode its valley.
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Where is the ultimate base level?
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sea level
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What are some examples of local base levels?
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A larger river into which a stream flows as a tributary, or a lake, or a dam.
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What is the Drainage Basin System?
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The area occupied and drained by a river system, including all tributaries.
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With what earth structures are drainage divides associated?
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High points (hills, ridges, mountains) separating adjacent drainage basins.
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Drainage basins are open systems, meaning they have... X and Y
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Inputs and Outputs...ex...Delaware River Basin
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What is a watershed?
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A watershed is a catchment area for a drainage basin.
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How are watersheds bounded?
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Watersheds are bounded by drainage divides (higher ground).
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Name one of the rivers focused on in lectures...
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Danube...Mississippi...also...Missouri,Ohio, Red River, Delaware, more.
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Name one factor that determines drainage pattern for a given area.
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Slope, underlying rock type, geologic structure, climate and precipitation.
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Name one factor that controls surface run off patterns.
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Differing resistance to erosion by various rock beds, relief of the Topography, and structure (faults, folds).
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What kind of drainage pattern was focused on in lecture with an aerial photograph of two long "stems" with smaller tributaries flowing into that almost like a pair of tree branches?
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Dendritic.
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What is the formula for discharge?
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Q=WDV
Width, Depth, Velocity. |
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How are deltas formed?
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Where rivers meet base level (usually sea level), their current ceases and the sediment load drops out, forming a broad arc of deposition. High sediment load causes distributary pattern, a number of river mouths.
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How do you end up with a delta with various lobes?
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The distributary system of the delta changed courses due to flooding events.
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Name the two kinds of pollution sources and an example of a source of each.
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Point Source: Pipe or Outfall
Non-Point Source: Storm Sewer Drains, Runoff |
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Which process that also shapes the earth's surface works by removal of lithospheric materials and also deposition of earth materials?
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Erosion.
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Given a stream profile, how do you calculate the stream gradient?
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Rise over Run, or for the average of the entire river, total elevation over total distance = average drop of the river.
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Where do we see a trellis drainage pattern?
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Appalachians
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What word describes a net erosion, cutback with water moving faster on outside and moving slower on inside and drops off sediment in a half circle
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Stream meander.
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What is an important mineral that rivers are constantly bringing off terrestrial bedrocks and into the ocean?
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Salt.
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What is the word for a U-shaped body of water formed when a wide meander from the main stem of a river is cut off to create a lake.
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Oxbox lake.
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What feature of a stream describes sharp steep changes in its gradient – ie a giant stream drop.
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Nick Point.
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What feature of a stream is described by water moving slower on inside (and faster on the outside) while dropping off sediment in a half circle shape
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Meander.
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