316 Final Exam Physical Examination

Front 1

When do heave or lifts occur?

Back 1

during systole with ventricular hypertrophy as a result of increased workload.

Front 2

How many grades are there for a heart murmur?

Back 2

6

Front 3

Name the grade of the heart murmur -- very loud, heard with one corner of the stethoscope lifted off the chest wall

Back 3

Grade v

Front 4

Name the grade of the heart murmur -- barely audible, heard only in a quiet room and then with difficulty

Back 4

Grade i

Front 5

Loudest, still heard with entire stethoscope lifted just off the chest wall

Back 5

Grade vi

Front 6

Name the grade of the heart murmur -- Clearly audible, but faint

Back 6

Grade ii

Front 7

Name the grade of the heart murmur -- Loud, associated with a thrill palpable on the chest wall

Back 7

Grade iv

Front 8

Name the grade of the heart murmur -- Moderately loud, easy to hear

Back 8

Grade iii

Front 9

What does S1 signal?

Back 9

Beginning of systole

Front 10

Where is S1 loudest?

Back 10

apex

Front 11

Where can you hear a split S1?

Back 11

At the tricupid valve area, the left lower sternal border.

Front 12

What is the S2 sound associated with?

Back 12

the closure of the semilunar valves.

Front 13

Where is the S2 the loudest?

Back 13

Base

Front 14

When does a S2 split occur

Back 14

toward the end of insperation

Front 15

What does a pulse deficit signal?

Back 15

Signals a weak contraction of the ventricles; occurs with atrial fibrillation, premature beats, and heart failure

Front 16

How doe you check for a pulse deficit?

Back 16

auscultating the apical beat while simultaneously palpating the radial pulse.

Front 17

If you found Subcutaneous nodules in the olecranon bursa and along extensor surface of the ulna what would this be signs of?

Back 17

RA

Front 18

What is tennis elbow?

Back 18

Inflammation and local tenderness of Epicondyles, head of radius and tendons.

Front 19

Chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia causes flexion contractures of the digits. 4th, then 5th and 3rd.

Back 19

Dupuytren contractures

Front 20

Who does Dupuytren contracture usually effect

Back 20

men older than 40. occurs with diabetes, epilpsy, and alcoholic liver disease and inherited trait

Front 21

Flexion contractures of the metacarpophalangeal jooint,then hyperextension of the proximal interphanlangel joint

Back 21

Swan neck

Front 22

kunkle looks as if it is being pushed through a buttonhole

Back 22

Boutonniere deformity

Front 23

Swan neck and boutoniiere deformity occurs with?

Back 23

RA

Front 24

fingers drift to the ulnar side because of stretching of the articular capsule and muscle imbalance. Also muscle athropy on dorsa of the hands

Back 24

Ulnar deviation of dift

Front 25

Characterized by hard, nontender nodules, 2-3cm or more.

Back 25

Osteoarthristis

Front 26

osteophytes of the distal interphalangeal joints are called?

Back 26

Heberden nodes

Front 27

osteophytes of the proximal interphalangela joints are called?

Back 27

bouchard nodes

Front 28

Hard, painless nodule over metatarsophalangeal joint.

Back 28

Tophi w/chronic gout

Front 29

metabolic disorder of disturbed purine metabolism, associated with elevated serum uric acid

Back 29

Acute Gout

Front 30

common deformmity from RA.

Back 30

Hallux valgus

Front 31

when hunching the shoulder forward and the tip of the clavicle dislocates

Back 31

Dislocated shoulders

Front 32

How do dislocated shoulders happen?

Back 32

trauma involving abduction, extension, and rotation, falling on outstretched arm or diving into pool.

Front 33

Characteristic hunched position and limited abduction of arm

Back 33

Rotator cuff tear

Front 34

How does Rotator cuff tears occur?

Back 34

traumatic adduction while arm is held in abduction, fall on shoulder, throwing, or heavy lifting

Front 35

What is the positive arm drop test?

Back 35

if the arm is passively abducted at the shoulder, the person is unable to sustain the position and arm falls to side

Front 36

What is the McMurray test used for?

Back 36

torn meniscus

Front 37

Decreased muscle tone or hypotonia muscle feels limp, soft, and flabby; muscle is weak and easily fatigued; limb feels like rag doll

Back 37

Flaccidity

Front 38

Increased tone or hypertonia; increased resistance to passive lengthening; then may suddenly give way

Back 38

Spasticity

Front 39

Constant state of resistance. resists passive movement in any direction dystonia

Back 39

Rigidity

Front 40

Type of rigidity in which the increased tone is released by degrees during passive ROM so it feels like small regular jerks

Back 40

Cogwheel rigidity

Front 41

What is Flaccidity associated with?

Back 41

Lower motor neuron injury.

peripheral neurities, poliomyelitis, guillain-Barre

Front 42

What is spasticity associated with?

Back 42

Upper motor neuron injury to coticospinal motor tract

Front 43

What is Rigidity associated with?

Back 43

Injury to extrapyramidal motor tracts.

basal ganglia with parkinsonism

Front 44

What is Gogwheel rigidity associated with?

Back 44

Parkinsonism