314 T2 Coming Of Sound

Front 1

was sound intuitive or not

Back 1

yes, it was alway sposed to be with film (film was created to accompany sound)

Front 2

who had the initial idea to combine sound and film

Back 2

william dickson

Front 3

what were the chronofilms

Back 3

100ish short sound films by alice Guy Blache

Front 4

what were alice guy blache's attempts at sound film

Back 4

chronofilm (100ish sound shorts)

Front 5

when did just sound become important

what happened to popularize it

Back 5

1920s

first commercial, telephones, radio brodcasts

Front 6

what was sound on disk

Back 6

- dual system: image on film, sound on disk
- influence of dickson who had sound + image cylinders that didn't work

Front 7

what were problems with the dual system?

Back 7

- difference in length of disc and reel: 6-7 mins sound v. 11-12 min image
- syncrhonization problems
- no amplification

Front 8

what is the singin in the rain "yes yes yes no no no" example of

Back 8

problem of dual system: syncrhonization

Front 9

what film triggered the audience demand for sound?

Back 9

the jazz singer

Front 10

why was no amplification in the dual system (sound on disk) bad

Back 10

because it is theater style now not 1 person 1 image

Front 11

what problems did sound on film system solve

Back 11

synchronization & length differential problems

Front 12

how was the dual sys syncrhonization problem solved

Back 12

single system (sound on film)

Front 13

how was the dual sys length differential problem solved

Back 13

single system (sound on film)

Front 14

how does the single system work

Back 14

- put sound impulses onto photographic image, piece of film with image track has sound track on the side
- 2 lamps read separately

Front 15

what were the first 2 attempts at the single system

Back 15

german tri-ergon system
lee deforest's phonofilm

Front 16

how was dual sys amplification solved?

Back 16

lee deforest's audio tube

Front 17

lee deforest's audio tube

Back 17

takes vacuum tube system and pushes sound throuh amplifier

Front 18

how was lee deforest received in hollywood

Back 18

went to hollywood to try to sell system
- they said that sound is fad, expensive (change equipment and theaters), marketing nightmare (language barrier)

Front 19

who did lee deforest sell his audio tube to

Back 19

warner brothers

Front 20

how did warner bros get their start

Back 20

lee deforest's audio tube

Front 21

why did warner brothers buy the audio tube

Back 21

small company, willing to take a chance, thought they could save money by getting rid of orchestras

Front 22

what type of sound system did warner bros have

Back 22

sound on disk

Front 23

what was the first sound feature

Back 23

don juan

Front 24

what was warner brothers first sound feature

Back 24

don juan

Front 25

who directed don juan

Back 25

alan crosland

Front 26

features of don juan

Back 26

- had music + sound effects (still has sound effects)
- what singing in the rain was referring to with the sword fight
- does well -> do another one

Front 27

what was the sword fight in singing in the rain referring to

Back 27

don juan

Front 28

what was warner bros 2nd sound film, who directed, who starred

Back 28

the jazz singer, alan crosland

al jolson

Front 29

features of the jazz singer

Back 29

- dir Alan Crosland
- starring Al Jolson
- songs in sound, the rest is silent with title cards

Front 30

are there title cards in jazz singer

Back 30

yes

Front 31

when was the big shift from silent to sound

Back 31

1928-1929

Front 32

when was jazz singer

Back 32

1927

Front 33

shift from silent > sound
cost to industry?
cost to each theater?

Back 33

300 million
25,000
OMG this is during the depression

Front 34

what were the impacts of sound

Back 34

1. static camera, actors
2. language problem
3. influx of ny stage
4. big corporations take control of hollywood
5. film speed changes to 24 frames/sec
6. sound redefines cinematic

Front 35

what was static camera + actors

Back 35

- unchained > chained camera
- actors cant stray from mic
- acting goes back to proscenium

Front 36

silent > sound
how did language become a problem

Back 36

- actors (better for americans, forieng actors couldnt make the transition
- marketing in another language problem

Front 37

who was the language change (silent > sound) better for

Back 37

americans, but there had to be speech teachers

Front 38

silent > sound
what was the influx from ny stage

Back 38

actors, writers

Front 39

where did actors + writers come from after silent > sound

Back 39

ny stage

Front 40

what actors came from ny silent > sound

Back 40

broadway (knowledge of how to act)

Front 41

characteristics of writers silent > sound

Back 41

- from ny!
- static + talky
- back to proscenium technique because from broadway

Front 42

why did film go back to proscenium silent > sound

Back 42

cuz writers + actors from broadway

Front 43

silent > sound
why did big corporations tke control of hollywood

Back 43

- because they didnt have the money to make the change to sound film
- split: money people in NY, production people in hollywood

Front 44

silnet > sound
what was the split between big corporatiosn + hollywood

Back 44

corporatiosn in ny, production in hollywood

Front 45

silent > sound
how did film speed change

Back 45

24 frames/sec (had to speed up)

Front 46

silent to sound
how did sound redfine the cinematic

Back 46

- realism had to change, grand acting style has to be toned down
- melodrama (emotions with sound)

Front 47

what was the 3rd warner brothers film
what was special about it

Back 47

lights of new york
first all talkie (still vitaphone)

Front 48

what were the impacts of sound

Back 48

1. static camera, actors
2. language became a problem
3. influx of ny stage
4. big corporatiosn take control of hollywood
5. film speed changes to 24 fps
6. sound redefines cinematic

Front 49

light of ny example of....

Back 49

- first all talkie (still vitaphone)
- abrupt stop of sound (dance floor to office)
- gangster guys huddled around mic