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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percent of an average adults body is fluid?
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Fluid makes up about 60% of an average adults body weight
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Most body fluid is contained within two compartments, what are they?
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Intracellular fluid is contained within the cells.
Extra cellular fluid is outside the cells |
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Extracellular fluid (ECF) accounts for 20% of body weight. What are the 3 types of ECF?
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Interstitial fluid- space between the body cells.
Intravascular fluid-is the plasma within the blood. Transcellular fluid-includes fluids such a cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal and synovial fluid; and digestive juices. |
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What is the major cation in the Intercellular fluid (ICF)?
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The major cations in the ICF are potassium and magnesium
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What is the major electrolytes in the ECF?
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Sodium and chloride and bicarbonate are the major electrolytes in the ECF
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What is of lower osmolarity than blood?
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A hypotonic solution is of lower osmolarity than blood. When a hypotonic solution is infused, water moves by osmosis from the vascular system into the cells
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A????? solution contains a higher concentration of solutes than blood?
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A hypertonic solution. When a hypertonic solution is given to a patient, water moves by osmosis from the cells into the ECF.
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What is a passive process by which molecules of a solute move through a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
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Diffusion
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Filtration is the movement of what?
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Filtration is the movement of both water and smaller particles from an area of high pressure to low pressure.
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What is the force created by fluid within a closed system?
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Hydrostatic pressure
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During active transport, What moves? from and area of ?? to an area of ???
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During active transport, MOLECULES (solute) moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
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Fluid loss occurs how?
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Urine
skin lungs feces |
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What organ in the body is the principal regulator of fluid and electrolyte balance?
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the Kidneys are the principal fluid and electrolyte regulator.
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What hormones are involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance?
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-released when low pressure is sensed.
Renin-angiotensin system- is released when fluid volume is decreased. Aldosterone-promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium |
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What is the major cation in the ECF?
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Sodium (Na+) is the major cation in the ECF and is primary function is to regulate fluid volume.
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What is the major cation in the ICF?
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Potassium (K+) is the major cation of the ICF. Potassium is a key electrolyte in cellular metabolism.
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What is responsible for bone health and neuromuscular and cardiac function?
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Calcium (Ca2+) Is also an essential factor in blood clotting.
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How is Acid-Base Balance regulated?
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1-buffers
2-respiratory control of carbon dioxide 3-renal regulation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) |
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What occurs when there is a proportional loss of water and electrolytes from the ECF?
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Fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)
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What is the first symptom of hypovolemia?
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thirst is the first symptom of hypovolemia.
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What is involves excessive retention of sodium and water in the ECF?
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Fluid volume excess (hypervolemia)
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Fluid volume excess results from what?
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excessive salt intake, disease affecting kidney or liver function or poor pumping action of the heart.
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What data collected reflects information about fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance?
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All of the vital signs.
Temperature-and elevated body temp increases the loss of body fluid Pulse-tachycardia is an early sign of fluid volume deficit Respiratory rate- altered may cause acid-base imbalance Blood pressure-rises and falls with fluid volume |
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What are several lab tests performed to evaluate fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base status?
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Serum electrolytes
Serum osmolarity urine osmolarity a complete blood count (CBC) urinalysis ABG's |
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How are IV fluids classified?
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Isotonic fluids-.9% saline
Hypotonic solutions-5% dextrose (D5W) and .45% saline (1/2 NS) Hypertonic fluids-volume expanders such as dextran and serum albumin. |
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What are some other names for a peripheral intravenous lock?
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a heparin lock
saline lock |
