3.1.2 Cell Components

Front 1

cells are composed of 3 major parts

Back 1

1. cytoplasm
2. nucleus
3. plasma membrane

Front 2

cytoplasmic cytosol

Back 2

fluid portion/ site of chemical reactions

Front 3

cytoplasmic organelles

Back 3

cellular growth, maintenance and production

Front 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

network of membranes in the form of tubles

Front 5

2 types of ER

Back 5

rough and smooth

Front 6

rough ER

Back 6

outer surface studded with ribosomes

Front 7

smooth ER

Back 7

lack ribosomes

Front 8

ribosomes

Back 8

composed of protein and mRNA

Front 9

golgi complex

Back 9

group of flattened membranous sacs

Front 10

mitchondria

Back 10

outer and inner membrane, inner membrane contains elongated fluid dilled folds called cristae

Front 11

lysosomes

Back 11

contains enzymes

Front 12

peroxisomes

Back 12

most abundant cells in liver

Front 13

portensome

Back 13

tiny barrel shape structure of 4 stacked rings of protein

Front 14

centirsomes

Back 14

nonmembraneous structure composed of two hollow cylinders called centrioles

Front 15

cilia

Back 15

moves fluid cell surface

Front 16

flagella

Back 16

moves entire cell

Front 17

cytosol

Back 17

building blocks and maintenance of cell structure and growth

Front 18

organelles

Back 18

aid in cellular growth maintanence and reproduction

Front 19

cytoskeleton

Back 19

maintain shape and general organization of cellular contents

Front 20

centrosomes

Back 20

used for growth of mitotic spindle

Front 21

ribosomes

Back 21

site of protein synthesis

Front 22

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 22

synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids

Front 23

golgi complex

Back 23

entry accepts proteins from ER/ exit modifies molecules and packages for transport

Front 24

lysosome

Back 24

garbage disposal

Front 25

peroxisome

Back 25

contain oxidase and catalase

Front 26

oxidase

Back 26

breakdown organic molecules

Front 27

catalase

Back 27

breakdown H2O

Front 28

protensome

Back 28

cuts damaged proteins into small peptides

Front 29

mitochondria

Back 29

generates ATP through cellular respirations

Front 30

plasma membrane

Back 30

flexible outer surface

Front 31

permeable membrane

Back 31

open to passage or penetration of substances

Front 32

selectively permeable membrane

Back 32

allows entrance and exit of some substances

Front 33

plasma membrane description

Back 33

- complex surface
- metabolic reactions take place on surface
-conduit between cell and environment

Front 34

plasma membrane function

Back 34

- maintain integrity
-control passage of material
- provide signal transduciton

Front 35

plasma membrane head

Back 35

-hydro-philic
-form surface of membrane

Front 36

plasma membrane tail

Back 36

hydro-phobic
- make up interior

Front 37

2 types of passive process

Back 37

diffusion and osmosis

Front 38

diffusion

Back 38

simple and facilitated

Front 39

simple diffusion

Back 39

random movement from higher to lower concentration

Front 40

facilitated diffusion

Back 40

random movement from higher to lower concentration by carrier molecules

Front 41

osmosis

Back 41

H2O molecules move from higher concentration to lower across selectively permeable membranes

Front 42

2 types of active process

Back 42

active transport and transport in vesicles

Front 43

active transport

Back 43

primary- energy of hydrolysis of ATP is used in carrier protein
secondary- indirectly uses energy obtained by ATP

Front 44

Endocytosis receptor

Back 44

mediated membrane engulfs selected membranes combined with receptor protein

Front 45

phagocytosis

Back 45

cell takes in solid

Front 46

bulk phase endocytosis (pinocytosis)

Back 46

cell takes in tiny droplets of liquids

Front 47

exocytosis

Back 47

vesicle fuse with membrane and release contents outside of cell

Front 48

transcytosis

Back 48

movement resulting from endocytosis on one side and exocytosis on the other