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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stretch of DNA that recognizes and binds to particular steroid receptor complex
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response element
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treats prostate enlargement
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finasteride
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receptor agonist examples
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tamoxifen, RU486
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Chromosome X theory
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A gene on the X chromosome may increase probability of gay males
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If humans are detecting pheromones, it is through _____
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olfactory epithelia
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hair cells in the _____ push the _____, making the eardrum click
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cochlea, tectorial membrane
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Correlation between testosterone and sexual arousal for _____
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both M and F
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Disorder: M ducts develop (no AMH), but W ducts do too
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CAH
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Disorder: AMH secretion causes Mullerian ducts to regress
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome
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Disorder: Do not menstruate, don’t have pubic hair, infertile
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome
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_____ sex determines gonadal sex
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genetic
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____ makes male fetus more fragile
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testosterone
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_______ causes male structures to develop, ______ causes female structures to develop
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circulating testosterone, lack of testosterone
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Small amounts of estradiol from female ovaries or from mom is sequestered by ______
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alpha-fetoprotein
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Disorder: Develop as female, but lack normal ovaries so do not enter puberty
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Turner's syndrome
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____ binds to androgen receptor better than testosterone
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DHT
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stimulate development of testes
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protein released from SRY
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Disorder: Secreted testosterone can’t promote W ducts to produce male internal structures
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome
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Disorder: Because of atypical gene, leads to deficiency in enzyme
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5α-reductase deficiency
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Disorder: In XY, testes make T to masculinize Wolffian ducts, but skin has too little reductase to produce much DHT from T
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5α-reductase deficiency
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_____ sex determines phenotypic sex
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gonadal
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genetic sex determines ____ sex
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gonadal
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_____ are made in the yolk sac and migrate to the genital ridge
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germ cells/gamete precursors
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germ cells/gamete precursors are made in the yolk sac and migrate to the _____
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genital ridge
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_____ causes male phenotype
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SRY
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____ overrides DAX-1 in males
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SRY
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what causes mullerian to regress
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AMH
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____ needed to sustain cells in SDN
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testosterone
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maybe gay men have smaller _____
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INAH3
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INAH 3 may be homologous to rodent ____
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SDN-POA
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INAH3 bigger in ____ than _____
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males, females
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Many sex differences in the brain and behavior are due to the conversion of _____ to _____ inside neurons in the brain
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testosterone, estradiol
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baby X experiment
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men and women given baby dressed up as opposite sex- babies dressed as boys given guns, girls given dolls
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rat mothers lick the anogenital region of _____ more than _____
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sons, daughters
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If make rat mothers _____, they groom all the pups less
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unable to smell
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome genotype
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XY
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XY
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5α-reductase deficiency
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What overrides SRY?
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2 DAX-1s
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Disorder: Urethral folds don’t fully enclose urethra
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hypospadias
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Many synthetic compounds used in herbicides, pesticides, etc. can mimic _____
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steroid hormones
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promotes ovarian development
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DAX-1 on X chromosome
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synthetic steroids are
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endocrine disruptors
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Disorder: Masculanization of external genitalia in females (enlarged clitoris, fused labia)
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CAH
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synthetic steroids can act as ______, blocking ______
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contraceptives, gamete formation
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Disorder: Because testes are smaller, don’t secrete much testosterone- if given early enough, can prevent effects
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Klinefelter’s syndrome
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decreases conversion of testosterone to DHT by inhibiting 5alpha
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finasteride
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2 enzyme inhibitors
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aromatase inhibitors, finasteride
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releasing hormines target ____
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anterior pituitary
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steroids in BC tell brain that
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no GnRH is needed
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steroids are made out of ____
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cholesterol
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