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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the functions of the skin
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protection, retain fluid and electrolytes, vitamin d production, temperture
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Name the 3 layers of the skin in outer to inner order
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epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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Describe the epidermis
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avascular, sheds every 30 days, melonocytes
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Describe the dermis
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highly vascular, sensory fibers for touch, pain, and temperature, 1-4 mm thick
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Describe the hypodermis
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not skin tissue, support for other layers, subcutaneous fat that retains heat, acts as a cushion
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Name the 3 sweat glands
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eccrine, acprocrine, sabaceous
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Describe the eccrine glands
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most abundant, mainly on soles of feet, palms of hands and forehead
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Describe acprocrine glands
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large, deep, on axillary, nipples, external ear
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Describe sabaceous glands
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secretions prevent drying of the skin and hair, on face and scalp
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What are the ABCDE's of moles
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Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation
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What diameter of a mole is suspicious?
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Greater than 6mm
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What should be assessed when palpating the skin?
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Texture, temperature, moisture, mobility, turgor, and thickness
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Explain primary and secondary lesions
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Primary- variations in skin color or texture. Secondary- results from primary either naturally or by manipulation
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How would you describe a lesion?
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Location, size, color, shape, border, characteristics, and pattern
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Nail clubbing is a sign of what?
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Respiratory disease
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Nail spooning is a sign of what?
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Anemia
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The nail bed should be at what degree?
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160
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What do the mucus membrane and nails reveal signs of?
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cynosis, pallor, jaundice
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How do you access for TMJ?
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Open tempromandibular joint. Creepitis and popping means TMJ
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CN 5 is ________. And to assessment includes________.
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Trigeminal. Clench jaw and sharp, dull, temp on forehead, cheeks, chin
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CN 7 is _______. Assessment includes __________.
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Facial. Smile, show teeth, BMW, tears.
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CN 11 is _______. Assessment includes __________.
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Spinal Accessory. Sternocloidomastoid and trapezius.
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How would you assess the thyroid?
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Raise chin, swallow. Feels soft, smooth, freely mobile.
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Menopausal women are more likely to develop __________.
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Hypothyroidism
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What has lymph nodes?
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Everything with blood vessels but CNS, cornea, and placenta.
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Palpate the lymph nodes for _________.
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size, mobility, border, tenderness
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Lympedema is ____.
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Excessive lymph fluid. Drainage down.
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Lymphangitis is ________.
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inflammed vessels by strep infection. (red streak, chills, throbbing)
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Lymphadenitis is ________.
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inflammation caused by bacterial infection.
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Elephantrasis is caused by _____.
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microscopic, threadlike parasitic worms carried by mosquitoes.
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Nonfilarial Elephantiasis is caused by _________.
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soils like red clay that are high in potassium and sodium
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What helps support the breasts?
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Cooper's ligaments, fibrous and subcutaneous tissue
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What makes up the bulk of the breast?
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SQ and retromammary fat
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What are the nipples made of?
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Epithelium intertwined with circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fibers
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How is lymph carried away from the breasts?
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75%- axillary lymph nodes to the subclavicular and supraclavicular nodes.
25%- nodes surrounding breasts. |
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What do caffeine and chocolate cause pertaining to the breasts?
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Fibrocystic disease.
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What vitamin causes lowering of edema and tenderness of the breasts?
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E
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What is Gyneomastia?
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Male enlargement of breasts. Comes with age.
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What is fibroadenoma?
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benign, glandular, fibrous, small, rubbery, non-tender lumps
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What is Ductal ecstasia?
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Benign nipple discharge. Black/green. Piercings.
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What is invasive cancer?
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irregular, poorly delineated masses in ducts or lobules
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What is noninvasive cancer?
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abnormal mammogram. Ductal or lobular in situ
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What is mastitis?
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Enlargement of breasts caused by bacteria.
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What is galactorrhea?
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inappropriate lactation.
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What is gynecomastia?
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noninflammatory enlargement
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What is the purpose of the nose?
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humidifies, warms, filters air in. Conserves heat and moisture out.
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What is visible in the nose?
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septum, inferior and middle turbinater
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CN 1 is _______. Assessment includes __________.
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Olfactory. Smell
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CN 9 is _______. Assessment includes __________.
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Glossopharyngeal. swallow, gag reflex
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CN 10 is _______. Assessment includes __________.
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Vagus. Swallow, gutteral sounds
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CN 12 is _______. Assessment includes __________.
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Hypoglossal. Swallow, stick out tongue.
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Nasal discharge colors and indications.
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Clear- rhinitis caused by allergies. CSF if glucose.
Purulent- infection |
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How many lobes does each lung have?
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Left-2. Right-3
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PPD means _________
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packs per day
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PPY means _________ and is calculated by _______x_______.
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packs per year. ppd x years smoked.
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AP to transverse ratio is _____.
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1:2
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Coastal angle should be ______ degrees.
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less than 90
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Ribs should slope at ______ degrees.
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45
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Men use what kind of breathing?
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abdominal and diaphragmatic
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Women use what kind of breathing?
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thoracic
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Explain vesicular breathing and where it is heard.
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long inhalation. short exhalation. over most of the lung
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Explain bronchovesicular breathing and where it is heard.
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even inhalation and exhalation. sternal border to T4.
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Explain bronchia/tracheal breathing and where it is heard.
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short inhalation. long exhalation. over trachea.
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Crackles or rales is indicative of _____.
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pneumonia, CHF, swelling
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Rhoncti or wheezing is indicative of ___.
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bronchial obstruction
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Friction heard in breath sounds is indicative of _______.
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pleurisy
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Explain bronchophony
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99
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Explain pectoriloguy
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whisper 123
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Explain egopony
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eeee
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What is broncitis?
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inflammation of bronchial tree membrane (cough)
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What is pneumonia?
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infection of terminal bronchioles and alveoli
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What is TB?
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Bacterial tuberculosis
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What is pleural effusion?
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serous fluid high in pleural space because of inflammation
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What is pneumothorax?
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Air in the plural space
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What is hemothorx?
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Blood in the pleural space.
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What is cystic fibrosis?
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genetic, abnormal thick secretions of exocrine glands
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Explain eupeannea
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normal breaths
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Explain bredypnea
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slow breaths
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Explain tachdypnea
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fast breaths
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Explain kussmaul
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breath out makes lips move. breath out is longer. sign of diabetic coma.
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Explain Briot's
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abnormal periods of apnea (medulla problems in CNS)
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Explain chain's stokes
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slow, fast, stop... regular. sign of coma, death
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Explain respiratory arrest
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no breathing
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DOE means
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dyspenia on excursion
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Explain paradoxical breathing
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to one side. sign of collapsed lung
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