31/1/24

Front 1

Shumang leela

Back 1

Manipur theatre

Front 2

Hmar

Back 2

Kuki people

Manipur, Mizoram, Myanmar, Bangladesh

Front 3

Sanamahi

Back 3

Pre hindu polytheistic religion of manipur = Meitism

Front 4

idai

Back 4

Cyclone in Gorongosa National Park in central Mozambique in March 2019

Much of the park’s wildlife was decimated by the Mozambican Civil War (1977-1992)

Front 5

nyala, kudu and sable , oribi and bushbuck. India?

Back 5

small antelopes in Mozambique region

India is home to the nilgai, chinkara, blackbuck, Tibetan antelope, and four-horned antelope,

Front 6

______ tend to be more resilient to ecological or climate disturbances

Back 6

larger species

through their ability to move longer distances and their greater stores of body resources to survive when forage is unavailable.

Front 7

South Sandwich Islands

Back 7

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - British

penguin died due to bird flu

Front 8

gentoo, king, emperor

Back 8

penguin

Front 9

sea lions are

Back 9

mammals

pacific and Aus, NZ

Front 10

sea lions can die of bird flu- true or false

Back 10

At least 20,000 sea lions have reportedly died due to the disease in Chile and Peru alone.

In December 2023, the first death of a polar bear due to avian flu was reported from the Arctic.

Front 11

District Agromet Units

Back 11

district and block level agrometeorological advisory service

set up in 2018-19 in the premises of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) of ICAR under the Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS)

India Meteorological Department (IMD) under the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and

Indian Institute of Agricultural Research (ICAR) under the agriculture ministry

Front 12

Snow Leopard Cell

Back 12

not yet

Status Report of Snow Leopards in India [govt] emphasizes need for a dedicated Snow Leopard Cell at the WII, Dehradun

Front 13

Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India (SPAI)

Back 13

WII is the national coordinator for SPAI.

two partners: the Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysuru, and World Wildlife Fund for Nature-India.

Front 14

snow leopards listed as ________ in the IUCN

Back 14

‘Vulnerable’

Front 15

State with most snow leopards

Back 15

Ladakh (477 out of 718)> Uttarakhand> Himachal Pradesh> Sikkim> J&K ArP

Front 16

Mejia

Back 16

Thermal Power Plant near Durgapur, West Bengal

Front 17

Electricity 2024

Back 17

IEA report

noted that coal will continue to dominate the Indian power sector through 2026. This, despite an expected fall from 74 per cent of total electricity generation in 2023.

Front 18

small modular reactor (SMR) technology

Back 18

advanced nuclear reactors that use a controlled nuclear chain reaction to create steam that powers a turbine to produce electricity.

up to 300 MW capacity

Front 19

India today stands at number_____ in the RE installed capacity across the world. plan?

Back 19

four

, after China, Europe, and the United States.

India announced plans in 2022 to triple its nuclear capacity by 2032

Front 20

India's largest domestically built nuclear power plant

Back 20

Kakrapar Unit 3 reactor, commenced operations in Gujarat in June 2023

Front 21

India nuclear map

Back 21

Front 22

‘Framework for Voluntary Carbon Market in Agriculture Sector and Accreditation Protocol of Agroforestry Nurseries’

Back 22

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare

Introducing farmers to the carbon market- Agriculture accounts for nearly 15% of India’s greenhouse gas emission (GHG)

standardization of agroforestry products - Accreditation Protocol of Agroforestry Nurseries

Front 23

Bhadbhut barrage

Back 23

Narmada estuary in Bharuch, Gulf of Khambhat

Front 24

Kalandars

Back 24

The nomadic tribe known as the Kalandars started ‘dancing’ sloth bears for emperors during the Mughal era.

Front 25

sloth bear sanctuaries

Back 25

bhadra, daroji in karn

Ratanmahal in the central Gujarat

Jessore on the border of Gujarat and Rajasthan

Front 26

Etosha National Park

Back 26

Namibia- rhino extincting

Front 27

Hlane National Park

Back 27

Eswatini- rhino extincting

Front 28

Lake Retba

Back 28

disappearing pink lake - Dakar, Senegal

halophilic green algae- which contain carotenoid pigments

asso/ bacteria of the genus Halobacterium.

When salinity is high, algae with red pigments thrive, and when salinity is low- algae rich in green pigments.

Front 29

mass elephant deaths

Back 29

Drought causes mass elephant deaths in Zimbabwe game reserve

earlier also prompted a mass-movement of elephants from Hwange into neighbouring Botswana

Front 30

Sustainable Alternatives Towards Automobile Transportation (SATAT)

Back 30

ministry of petro

CBG plants be primarily set up through independent entrepreneurs. - Municipal solid waste, sugar industry waste (press mud) and agricultural residue

oil and gas CPSEs - buy for 10 yrs

Front 31

Malaysia- political system

Back 31

constitutional monarch

rotational monarchy

Front 32

Bnei Menashe

Back 32

Manipur and Mizoram, Myanmar

Jews from various Tibeto-Burmese ethnic groups

Front 33

____ said it intends to recognise Somaliland as an independent country

Back 33

Ethiopia [1st]

in exchange for access to coast

Front 34

Tigray

Back 34

Ethiopia civil war

Amhara Oromo vs govt

Front 35

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees

Back 35

Established in 1949

relief to Palestinians

a subsidiary body of the UNGA,

UNRWA's mandate is subject to periodic renewal every three years [consistently renewed till 2026]

Front 36

Europe’s most significant resources of lithium

Back 36

Barroso hills, Portugal

also GIAHS FAO

Front 37

EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act

Back 37

at least 10 percent of Europe’s raw materials should come from local supplies.

Front 38

Catalan

Back 38

Separatism in spain

Front 39

Eat Right India Movement

Back 39

(FSSAI)

Front 40

PartiallyHydrogenated Oils

Back 40

PHO- major source of trans-fat

ban proposed by WHO

Trans fats have been shown to raise levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, commonly known as "bad"

Front 41

forms of trans-fat i.e.

Back 41

Naturally-occurring trans-fats (dairy and meat products), Industrially produced transfat (packaged foods, cooking oils etc.).

Front 42

india - trans fat

Back 42

FSSAI reduce the maximum limit of industrial trans-fatty acids to not more than 2% by weight in edible oils, fats and food products (WHO rec)

Front 43

first-ever validation certificates to Denmark, Lithuania, Poland, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand

Back 43

World Health Organisation (WHO) - countries for progress in eliminating industriallyproduced trans fats

Front 44

'Maratha Military Landscapes'

Back 44

Maha forts+ TN's Gingee hill fort

India's nomination for UNESCO World Heritage List for2024-25

Front 45

where was Coronation (Shivrajyaabhishek) of ChhatrapatiShivaji Maharaj conducted

Back 45

Raigad 1674 CE

Front 46

Battle of Pratapgad

Back 46

[Satara] 1659, between Shivaji I and Bijapur Sultanate [Adil Shahi dynasty] general Afzal Khan.

later

In 1818, as part of the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Pratapgad was surrendered to the East India company.

Front 47

1960 Indus Waters Treaty (between India and Pakistan)grants India exclusive use of

Back 47

three rivers- Ravi, Sutlej, Beas (Eastern Rivers).

Front 48

Ratle HydroElectric Project

Back 48

chenab

Kishtwar J&K

Front 49

eligibility criteria for anAdvocate-on-Record (AoR)

Back 49

Supreme Court Rules, 2013 prescribe eligibility criteria for anAoR.

AoR- to plead for a party in Court

Front 50

Government Amends Central Civil Services(Pension) Rules, 2021

Back 50

allows female employees or pensioners to grantfamily pension to their eligible child/children after their owndemise, instead of their spouse

Front 51

Sariska Tiger Reserve

Back 51

NP - Aravali hills in Alwar district of Rajasthan

tropical dry deciduous forest; NorthernTropical Thorn forest

Rhesus macaque, sambhar, chital, wild boar, etc

Front 52

Indian grey wolf

Back 52

Grasslands

Front 53

a tri-state protected area (Rajasthan, Madhya Pradeshand Uttar Pradesh)

Back 53

National Chambal Sanctuary (NCS)

Gharial, red-crowned roof turtle (both criticallyendangered) and

Ganges river dolphin (endangered)

Front 54

optical nanostructures in which therefractive index changes periodically

Back 54

Photonic Crystals (PCs)

found in nature include opal, butterfly wings,peacock feathers, etc

Artificially Produced PCsIn Optical Communication Devices, Sensors and Detectors,Quantum Information Processing, Solar Cells, etc

Front 55

C-bot

Back 55

Goa-based National Institute of Oceanography has launched anautonomous underwater vehicle

for increased surveillanceover coral reefs, bathymetry surveys, navigation, geothermal energy sites

Front 56

First Indian Commander-in-Chief of Indian Army

Back 56

K.M. Cariappa [49-53]

Integration of troops and turning an imperial army into a national army

Front 57

towards decarbonising TRANSPORT 2023: A STOCKTAKEON SECTORAL AMBITION IN G20” REPORT

Back 57

Niti

India has no energy targets for the transport sector,despite the goal to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070.

India's transport emission sectors could increase by 65% etc.

Front 58

Plastic Overshoot Day

Back 58

amount of plastic waste surpasses the capability of waste management systemsto effectively manage.

by swiz ngo

Front 59

‘The Waste Sponges’

Back 59

India is Categorized as ‘The Waste Sponges’ referring to a low consumption yet a high level of plastic pollution.

Front 60

treated waste water

Back 60

Nitrogen and Phosphorus in TWW gives it an advantage over the raw freshwater, while using for agri

a Niti report

Front 61

regulating ministry - online ads, gaming etc

Back 61

now - MIB [earlier MEITY]

AoB rules 1961

Front 62

InvITs are regulated under

Back 62

Infra inv trust- investors to invest directly and get part ownership in infrastructure project.

SEBI

Recognized borrowers under SARFAESI A 2002

Front 63

Gender InclusionFund (GIF)

Back 63

trans children too

National Education Policy, 2020

Fund will be available to States to implement priorities determined by the Central government(such as provisions of sanitation and toilets, bicycles, conditional cash transfers, etc.)

Front 64

Zamorin was the earliest ally of Portuguese in India

Back 64

No

Zamorin of Calicut insisted that Gama should pay customs duty like any other trader, which strained their relations.

Kingdom of Tanur (Vettathunadu) became one of the earliest Portuguese allies in India. The ruler of Tanur also sided with Cochin.

later in B o Kochi 1504 - Tannur sided with Zamorin

Front 65

battle of Kochi

Back 65

1504

Portuguese + Kingdom of Cochin vs Zamorin Calicut

P+C won

Francisco de Almeida was appointed Viceroy of India in 1505, followed in 1509 by Dom Afonso de Albuquerque.

Front 66

_______ were credited with organizing the first naval defence of the Indian coast

Back 66

Kunjali Marakkars

After Kochi 1504, the Portuguese suffered setbacks from attacks by Zamorin forces in South Malabar; especially from naval attacks under the leadership of Calicut admirals known as Kunjali Marakkars

Front 67

battle at Chaliyam Fort

Back 67

In 1571, the Portuguese were defeated by the Zamorin forces in the battle at Chaliyam Fort.

Front 68

Portuguese Empire established the first European trading centre at ____

Back 68

Quilon (Kollam) in 1502.

Front 69

The first revolt against the Portuguese was ______

Back 69

the Conspiracy of the Pintos in 1787. [goa]

Front 70

Portuguese arrival in Goa

Back 70

In 1510, the Albuquerque defeated the ruling Bijapur sultan Yusuf Adil Shah with the help of a local ally, Thimmayya or Timoji

Front 71

Bahadur Shah of Gujarat

Back 71

last ruler of Muzaffarid dynasty [Zafar Khan under Delhi Sultanate declared independence]

gave Portuguese control of Diu in 1535

Defeated by Akbar in 1570s

Front 72

Dutch colonial forts and possessions include

Back 72

Masulipattanam 1605

Pulicat 1610 [from portuguese]

Nagapattinam,

Punnakayal,

Porto Novo,

Cuddalore (Tiruppathiripuliyur) Devanampatinam

Hugli Chinsurah

Balasore

Front 73

French establishments

Back 73

Pondicherry on the Coromandel Coast in southeastern India in 1674.[from the qiladar of Valikondapuram under the Sultan of Bijapur],

Chandernagore in Bengal in 1688 [with the permission of Nawab Shaista Khan, the Mughal governor of Bengal],

Yanam in Andhra Pradesh in 1723,

Mahe in 1725, and

Karaikal in 1739. [sold to the French by the Rajah of Thanjavur]

Front 74

first French factories

Back 74

Surat in 1668 . Berber, a French agent in India obtained a firman [a royal command or authorization] in 1666 from Aurangzeb. [Dutch opposed]

In 1669, Marcara succeeded in establishing another French factory at Masulipatam.

In 1672, the French captured Fort Saint Thomas [Mylapore], but they were driven out by the Dutch

Front 75

By 1720, the French had lost their factories at ________ to the British East India Company.

Back 75

Surat, Masulipatam and Bantam

Front 76

Governance of Chandernagore was ceded to India on ___

Back 76

2 May 1950

merged with West Bengal state on 2 October 1954.

Front 77

Pondichéry, Yanam, Mahe– and Karikal were de facto transferred to the Indian Union

Back 77

On 1 November 1954

de jure union of French India with India did not take place until 1962 when the French Parliament in Paris ratified the treaty with India.

Front 78

Danish settlements in India

Back 78

Tharangambadi [Tranquebar] in present-day Tamil Nadu

Serampore in present-day West Bengal, and

the Nicobar Islands

Front 79

1st Danish factory, trading offices

Back 79

By 1625 - Masulipatnam

trading offices were established at Pipli and Balasore

Front 80

Danish decline

Back 80

Tranquebar, the last Dano-Norwegian outpost, was sold to the British on 16 October 1868

Nicobar was abandoned due to malaria outbreaks

Front 81

Swedish East India Company

Back 81

between 1731 and 1813, briefly possessed a factory in Parangipettai

Front 82

A Mughal port that had two governors,

Back 82

Surat

one the governor of the city, and the other, the governor of the castle- built on the river Tapti

Front 83

Bengal became Mughal Subah during

Back 83

Jahangir

Akbar tried

Front 84

English acquired the islands of Bombay in

Back 84

1668, and set up their headquarters in Bombay in 1687.

Front 85

Nayak kingdoms

Back 85

Under Vijayanagar rule, three Nayak kingdoms had been set up in the Tamil region: in Madurai, Thanjavur and Senji

virtually autonomous after the defeat of Vijayanagar in 1565 in the Battle of Talikota

Ritually under Vijaynagar

Front 86

Setupati of Ramanathapuram

Back 86

powerful local chief - Late Vijayanagar

Front 87

Dutch had successfully negotiated to acquire Pulicat (Pazhaverkadu) from

Back 87

the Nayak of Senji

constructed a fort

later gave up Pulicat and moved their headquarters further south to Nagapattinam.

Front 88

Fort St George was given to British by

Back 88

English got a piece of land further south from the local chief, Damarla Venkatadri Nayak on which they built Fort St. George in 1639.

Front 89

Shivaji's raids

Back 89

twice in Surat 1660-70

defeated the Nayaks of Senji and Thanjavur.

[Senji was conquered by the Mughals a few years later, Thanjavur survived as a Maratha-ruled state]

Front 90

Successor states

Back 90

Oudh, Bengal, Hyderabad and the Carnatic

[Aurangzeb, who in 1692 appointed Zulfikar Ali, Nawab of the Carnatic, with his seat at Arcot.]

Front 91

This marks the beginning of British rule as revenue collectors.

Back 91

In Bengal and the Carnatic, the Nawabs had borrowed heavily from the English, and assigned vast tracts of land to them so that the English could collect the land revenue as repayment for the loans.

Front 92

_____ region was famous for its painted (kalamkari) fabrics

Back 92

The Coromandel

Front 93

merchant class in early modern India

Back 93

the banias and Parsi merchants of Surat, the nagarseths of Ahmedabad, the Jagat Seths of Bengal, and the merchant communities of the Coromandel.

Front 94

entreports

Back 94

Goods from Europe and West Asia were exchanged in these ports for goods from the east, as well as locally produced pepper, spices, dyes, clothes and food grains.

eg. e Masulipatnam, Pulicat

Front 95

who set up prison at Kannur

Back 95

Portuguese in 1500s

Front 96

Portuguese Bassein, Daman

Back 96

Da Cunha occupied Bassein in 1534.

The port of Daman was taken from the hands of Imad-ul Mulk in 1559.

Front 97

when was the first contacts between the Portuguese and the Mughal emperor established?

Back 97

during De Noronha

1571 Akbar visited Cambay in Gujarat and the first contacts between the Portuguese and the Mughal emperor established.

Front 98

black town

Back 98

Mylapore was the Portuguese ‘Black Town’. (Black Town of the British period was George Town)

Front 99

father of Tamil prose

Back 99

Roberto de Nobili- Portuguese who wrote in Tamil and Sanskrit.

Front 100

Father of the Tamil Press

Back 100

Henriques [Portuguese]

Front 101

St. Francis Xavier

Back 101

Portuguese Jesuit founder member

arrived in Goa in 1542 and traveled as far as Thoothukudi and Punnakayal to baptize the converts.

Front 102

slave trade in India

Back 102

Dutch were involved in slave trade. People from Bengal and from settlements such as Tengapattinam and Karaikal were brought to Pulicat.

The Dutch employed brokers at Madras for catching and shipping slaves.

Famines, droughts and war that resulted in food shortage led to the flourishing of the slave trade.

Front 103

Mitathal

Back 103

IVC site in Haryana

Front 104

Where was terracotta model of plough from India valley civilization ground in India

Back 104

Banawali in Rajasthan

Front 105

Fire alter from IVC? Other specialties?

Back 105

Kalibangan in Rajasthan

Ploughed field, multiple cropping

Bronze bull

Front 106

Magan

Back 106

Oman according to Mesopotamians

Supplier of copper to IVC

IVC jar found here

Front 107

Persian gulf seal

Back 107

Dilmun (Bahrain)

Similar to IVC