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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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Cerebral cortex
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the cerebrum's outer layer of nerve cell bodies, human's highest functions-governing thought, memory, reasoning, sensation and voluntary movement
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Hemispheres
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Each half of cerbrum is a hemisphere, the L is dominant in most people
Hemispheres are divided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
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Frontal Lobe
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area concerned with personality, behavior,
emotions, and intellectual function; precentral gyrus initiates involuntary movement |
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Broca’s Area
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- in frontal lobe, mediates motor
speech |
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Parietal Lobe
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- post central gyrus is the primary center for
sensation |
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Occipital Lobe
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- primary visual receptor center
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Temporal Lobe
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- primary auditory reception center
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Wernicke’s Area
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- in temporal lobe, is associated
with language comprehension |
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Basal Ganglia
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- bands of gray matter burried deep within
two cerebral hemispheres that forms the extrapyramidal system; controls automatic associated movements of the body |
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Thalamus
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- main relay station for the nervous system
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Hypothalamus
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- major control center with many vital
functions: temperature, heart rate, b/p control, sleep center, anterior and posterior pituitary gland regulator, and coordinator of autonomic nervous system activity and emotional status |
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Cerebellum
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- a coiled structure located under the occipital
lobe that is concerned with motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium and muscle tone; it does not initiate movement but coordinates and smooths movement |
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Brain Stem
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- central core of the brain consisting of mostly
nerve fibers |
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Midbrain
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- anterior part of brain stem that still has
the basic tubular structure of the spinal cord, merges into thalamus and hypothalamus |
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Pons
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- enlarged area containing ascending and
descending fiber tracts |
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Medulla
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- continuation of the spinal cord in the
brain, contains all ascending and descending fiber 2 tracts connecting the brain and spinal cord, vital autonomic centers |
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Spinal Cord
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- long cylindrical structure that occupies the
upper 2/3 of the vertebral canal, it is the main highway for ascending and descending fiber tracts that connect the brain to the spinal nerves and mediates reflexes |
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Cerebellar System
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- complex motor system coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium and helps maintain posture on a subconscious level
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Lower Motor Neurons
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- located mostly in the peripheral nervous system,
the cell body of the lower motor neuron is located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord, but the nerve fiber extends from here to the muscle, any movement must be translated into action by lower motor neuron fibers |
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Peripheral Nervous System
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- includes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 spinal
nerves and all their branches; carries sensory messages to the Central Nervous System |
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Cranial Nerves
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- enter/exit the brain, the 12 pairs of crainial nerves supply
primarily the head and neck, except the vagus nerve - which travels to heart, respiratory muscles, stomach and gallbladder |
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Spinal Nerves
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- arise from the length of the spinal cord and supply the rest of the body, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal -contain both sensory and motor fibers
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Dermatome
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- circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from
one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve |
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Autonomic Nervous System
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- the peripheral nervous system is composed of crainial nerves and spinal nerves; these nerves carry fibers that can be divided functionally into two parts - somatic and autonomic
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Somatic
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- somatic fibers innervate the skeletal (voluntary) muscles
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Autonomic
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- innervate smooth (involuntary) muscles, cardiac muscles and glands, mediates unconscious activity, overall function is to maintain homeostasis of the body
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Reflex Arc
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- reflexes are basic defense mechanisms of the nervous system,
they are involuntary and help the body maintain balance and appropriate muscle tone |
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Deep Tendon Reflexes
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- i.e. patellar
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Superficial Reflexes
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- i.e. cornea, abdominal
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Visceral Reflexes
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- i.e. pupillary response to light
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Pathologic Reflexes (abnormal)
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- i.e. babinski
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Upper Motor Neurons
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- all the descending motor fibers that can influence or modify the lower motor neurons; upper motor neurons are located completely within the Central Nervous System
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