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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BASE EXCESS
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THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD BUFFER THAT EXIST
BLOOD BUFFER (HEMOGLOBIN AND BICARBONATE) |
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LOW VALUE OF BASE EXCESS INDICATES
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ACIDOSIS
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
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DIZZINESS, CONFUSION, DYSRHYTHMIAS
TACHYPNEA NUMBNESS AND TINGLING EXTREMITIES CONVULSION COMA |
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EXAMPLE OF HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
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3% SALINE SOLUTION
3-5% SODIUM CHLORIDE DEXTROSE 5% IN 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE DEXTROSE 5% IN 0.45% NaCl DEXTROSE 5% IN LACTATE RINGER'S |
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CAUSES OF HIGH BASE EXCESS
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LARGE AMOUNT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE SOLUTION
CITRATE EXCESS FROM RAPID BLOOD TRANSFUSION IV INFUSION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE TO CORRECT KETOACIDOSIS |
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
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HEADACHE, LETHARGY, CONFUSION, DYRHYTHMIAS, TACHYPNEA (DEEP RESPIRATION)
ABDOMINAL CRAMPS FLUSH SKIN |
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WHAT IS THE MAJOR RENAL COMPONENT OF ACID-BASE BALANCE
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BICARBONATE
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RISK FACTORS OF VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY
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INADEQUATE ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO TISSUES AND IMPAIRED VENOUS RETURN DECREASE CIRCULATION TO THE EXTREMITIES
INADEQUATE BLOOD FLOW CAUSES ISCHEMIA AND BREAKDOWN INADEQUATE DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS, O2, WHITE BLOOD CELLS TO INJURED TISSUE |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPOKALEMIA
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USE OF POTASSIUM WASTING DIURETICS
DIARRHEA VOMITING ALKALOSIS EXTREME SWEATING EXCESSIVE USE OF POTASSIUM FREE IV TREATMENT OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS WITH INSULINE |
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RISK FACTORS FOR NUTRITION AND DEHYDRATION
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CLINETS WITH LIMITED CALORIC AND PROTEIN INTAKE DEVELOP THINNER, LESS ELASTIC SKIN, WITHY LOSS OF SUBCTANEOUS TISSUE. RESULTS IN IMPAIRED OR DELAY WOUND HEALING
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPONATREMIA
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NET SODIUM LOSS OR WATER EXCESS
GI LOSSES: VOMITING, DIARRHEA, NG SUCTION RENAL LOSS: KIDNEY DISEASE, DIURETICS, ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY SKIN: EXCESIVE PERPIRATION, BURNS SIADH: SYMDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ADH |
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TROUSSEAU'S SIGN
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CARPOPEDAL SPASM WITH HYPOXIA
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S/S OF HYPERNATREMIA
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EXTREME THIRST
DRY AND FLUSHED SKIN DRY AND STICKY TONGUE AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE FEVER AGITATION CONVULSION RESTLESSNESS IRRITABILITY POSTURAL HYPTENSION |
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA
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DYSRHYTHMIA
MUSCULAR TREMOR HYPERACTIVE DEEP TENDON REFLEXES CONFUSION AND DISORIENTATION TACHYCARDIA HYPERTENSION POSITIVE TROUSSEAU'S SIGN POSITIVE CHVOSTEK'S SIGN |
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RELATED CAUSE OF HYPER CHLOREMIA
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ACID-BASE IMBALANCE
DEHYDRATION |
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERMAGNESEMIA
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ACUTE ELEVATION F MAGNESIUM LEVEL
HYPOACTIVE DEEP TENDON REFLEX DECREASE DEPTH AND RATE OF RESPIRATION HYPOTENSION FLUSHING CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA
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MALNUTRITION AND ALCOHOLISM
DIARRHEA & VOMITTING NASOGASTRIC DRAINAGE AND DISEASE OF SMALL INTESTINE ALDOSTERONE EXCESS POLYURIA FISTULA |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA
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HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
OSTEOMETASTASIS PAGET'S DISEASE OSTEOPOROSIS PROLONGED IMMOBILZATION ACIDOSIS THIAXIDE DIURETICS |
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HYPOMAGESEMIA LEVEL
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DROP IN SERUM LEVEL OF Mg BELO 1.5 mEq/L
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
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HYPOKALEMIA
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPERMAGNESEMIA
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RENAL FAILURE
EXCESS INTAKE OF Mg |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPOCHLOREMIA
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SODIUM IMBLANCE
VOMOTING EXCESSIVE NASOGASTRIC OR FISTULA DRAINAGE |
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HYPERMAGNESEMIA LEVEL
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INCREASE IN SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVEL ABOVE 2.5mEq/L
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF REPSIRATORY ACIDOSIS
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CONFUSION
DIZZINESS LETHARGY HEADACHES VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS WARM FLUSHED SKIN MUSCULAR TWITCHIN CONVULSION COMA |
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RELATED CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
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EXCESSIVE VOMITING
PROLONGED GASTRIC SUCTIONING HYPOKALEMIA OR HYPERCALCEMIA EXCESS ALDOSTERONE USE OF DRUGS |
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RELATED CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
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STARVATION
DIARRHEA DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS RENAL FAILURE LACTIC ACIDOSIS FROM HEAVY EXERCISE USE OF DRUGS |
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HYPERKALEMIA LEVEL
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GREATERTHAN NORMAL AMOUNT OF POTASSIUM ABOVE 5.0mEq/L
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HYPOKALEMIA LEVEL
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POTASSIUM LEVEL IS LOW LESS THAN 3.5 mEq/L
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HYPERNATREMIA LEVEL
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IS GEATER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IN ECF
> 147mEq/L |
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4 PHYSIOLOGICAL NOCICEPTIVE PAIN
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TRANSDUCTION
TRANSMISSION PERCEPTION MODULATION |
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WHERE DOES NEUROPATHIC PAIN ARISE FROM
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ABNORMAL OR DAMAGED PAIN NERVES
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CANCER PAIN
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ACUTE AND/OR CHRONIC PAIN 90% MANAGED WITH RELATIVE SIMPLE MEANS
NORCICEPTIVE AND/OR NEUROPATHIC USUALLY DUE TO TUMOR PROGRESSION AND ITS RELATED PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS, INVASIVE PROCEDURES, TOCICITIES OF TREATMENT, INFECTION, AND PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS |
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DURING AN EPISODE OF ACUTE PAIN, WHAT DO YOU ASSESS PRIMARILY
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THE LOCATION, SEVERITY, AND QUALITY
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WHAT IS THE MOST SUBJECTIVE AND THEREFORE MOST USEFUL CHARACTERISTICS OF PAIN
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INTENSITY
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ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC NONCANCER PAIN
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FATIGUE
INSOMNIA ANOREXIA WEIGHT LOSS APATH HOPELESS ANGER |
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RELATED CAUSES FOR HYPEROSMOLAR IMBALANCE (DEHYDRATION)
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DIABETES INSIPIDUS
INTERRUPTION OF NEUROLOGICALLY DRIVN THIRST DRIVE DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS OSMOTIC DIURESIS ADMINISTRATION OF HYPERTONIC PARENTERAL FLUIDS OR TUBE FEEDING FORMULA |
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPEROSMOLAR IMBALANCE (DEHYDRATION)
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DRY AND STICKY MUCOUS MEMBRANES
FLUSHED AND DRY SKI THIRST ELEVATED BODY TEMPERATURE IRRITABILITY CONVULSION COMA |
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S/S OF HYPONATREMIA
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APPREHENSION
PERSONALITY CHANGE POSTURAL HYPOTENSION POSTURAL DIZZINESS ABDOMINAL CRAMPING NAUSEA VOMITING DIARRHEA TACHYCARDIA DRY MUCOUS MEMBRANES CONVULSION COMA |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPERKALEMIA
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RENAL FAILURE
FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT MASSIVE CELLULAR DAMAGE (BURNS AND TRAUMA)ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY ACIDOSIS USE OF POTASSIUM SPARING DIRUETICS |
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S/S OF HYPERKALEMIA
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ANXIETY
DYSRHYTHMIA PARESTHESIA (UNPLEASANT SENSATION SUCH AS BURNING...) WEAKNESS, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS DIARRHEA CARDAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES |
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S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA
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NUMBNESS AND TINGLING OF FINGER AND MOUTH REGION
HYPERACTVE REFLEXES + TROUSSEAU'S SIGN + CHVSTEK'S SIGN MUSCLE CRAMPS PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES |
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S/S OF HYPOKALEMIA
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WEAKNESS AND FATIGUE
NAUSEA AND VOMITING MUSCLE WEAKES INTESTINAL DISTENTION DECREASED BOWEL SOUNDS DECREASED DEEP TENDON REFLEXES VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS PARASTHESIA AND WEAK IRREGULAR PULSE CARDIAC FUNCTION |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA
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RAPID ADMINISTRATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION WITH CITRATE
HYPOALBUMINEMIA HYPOPARATHYROIDISM VITAMIN D DEFICIENC PANCREATITIS ALKALOSIS RENAL FAILURE ALCOHOL ABUSE |
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S/S OF HYPOCHLOREMIA
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METABLIC ALKALOSIS
SIMILAR TO HYPNATREMIA |
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HYPONATREMIA LEVEL
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LOWERTHAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM
LESS THAN 135mEq/L |
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HYPOCALCEMIA LEVEL
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DROP IN CALCIUM LEVEL
BELOW 4.5mEq/L OR 8.5mg/dL |
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HYPERCHLOREMIA LEVEL
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SERUM CHLORIDE LEVEL RISES ABOVE 105mEq/L
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HYPOCHLOREMIA LEVEL
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SERUM CHLORIDE LEVEL FALLS BELOW NORMAL LEVEL
BELOW 95mEq/L |
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CHVOSTEK'S SIGN
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CONTRACTION OF FACIAL MUSCLE WHEN FACIAL NERVE IS TAPPED
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HYPERCALCEMIA
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INCREASE IN TOTAL SERUM CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM ABOVE 10.5mg/dL OR 5.5 mEq/L
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S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA
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NUMBNESS AND TINGLING OF FINGER AND MOUTH REGION
HYPERACTVE REFLEXES + TROUSSEAU'S SIGN + CHVSTEK'S SIGN MUSCLE CRAMPS PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES |
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S/S OF HYPOKALEMIA
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WEAKNESS AND FATIGUE
NAUSEA AND VOMITING MUSCLE WEAKES INTESTINAL DISTENTION DECREASED BOWEL SOUNDS DECREASED DEEP TENDON REFLEXES VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS PARASTHESIA AND WEAK IRREGULAR PULSE CARDIAC FUNCTION |
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RELATED CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA
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RAPID ADMINISTRATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION WITH CITRATE
HYPOALBUMINEMIA HYPOPARATHYROIDISM VITAMIN D DEFICIENC PANCREATITIS ALKALOSIS RENAL FAILURE ALCOHOL ABUSE |
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S/S OF HYPOCHLOREMIA
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METABLIC ALKALOSIS
SIMILAR TO HYPNATREMIA |
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HYPONATREMIA LEVEL
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LOWERTHAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM
LESS THAN 135mEq/L |
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HYPOCALCEMIA LEVEL
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DROP IN CALCIUM LEVEL
BELOW 4.5mEq/L OR 8.5mg/dL |
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HYPERCHLOREMIA LEVEL
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SERUM CHLORIDE LEVEL RISES ABOVE 105mEq/L
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HYPOCHLOREMIA LEVEL
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SERUM CHLORIDE LEVEL FALLS BELOW NORMAL LEVEL
BELOW 95mEq/L |
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CHVOSTEK'S SIGN
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CONTRACTION OF FACIAL MUSCLE WHEN FACIAL NERVE IS TAPPED
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HYPERCALCEMIA
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INCREASE IN TOTAL SERUM CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM ABOVE 10.5mg/dL OR 5.5 mEq/L
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