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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pre-kidney functions (2)
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Lungs: remove some CO2
Liver: combines ammonia with CO2, making urea. |
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Kidney function
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Filters water and solutes except proteins.
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Kidney parts (3)
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Cortex: outer layer of kidney, protects nephrons. Coated with tough renal capsule.
Medulla: nephron fluids processed here. Renal pelvis: where urine collects. |
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Filtration
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Blood enters glomerulus through afferent arteriole. Water, nutrients, small waste molecules and salts flow into glomerulus. Large particles flow in efferent arteriole.
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Renal artery
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Enters kidney, branches into medulla and cortex.
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Afferent arteriole
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Carries blood to nephrons.
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Nephron tubule
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Solvents travel here from bowman's capsule.
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Glomerulus
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Afferent arteriole flows to this cluster of blood vessels which have slit-like pores in wall so that water and solutes can travel out.
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Bowman's capsule
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Contains glomerulus.
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Reabsorption
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Water, nutrients and salts diffuse from nephron tubule into peritubular capillaries surrounding tubule. Body sends what it needs back into blood vessels, leaves wastes in tubule.
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Peritubular capillaries
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Reabsorption: Substances pumped out of nephron are reabsorbed into these.
Secretion: blood wastes move from these to nephron tubule. |
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Nephron tubule
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Substances leak or are pumped out in reabsorption. Tubules are one cell layer thick.
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Proximal tubule
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First region of nephron tubule, reabsorption mostly occurs here.
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Distil tubule
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Fluid is urine by the time it reaches this last section of the nephron tubule.
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Descending (Henle's) loop
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Salty area of nephron tubule, salt makes diffusion gradient--water moves to surrounding tissues until concentration is the same.
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Ascending Henle's loop
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Walls don't let water leave, pump out salts to conserve electrolytes, as Na+ and Cl-
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Reabsorption per day
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100% Glucose,
95% Amino Acids, 99.5% Sodium Ions |
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Wastes in Secretion
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H+, K+, urea, drugs, wastes
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Urination
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Distil tubule contents flow to renal pelvis. As pressure in bladder increases, internal urethral sphincter relaxes. Urination still under control of external urethral sphincter. (voluntary muscles)
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Antidiuretic Hormone
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Triggers distil tubule to take out water. Water enters bloodstream, increasing blood pressure and volume.
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Acid/Base Regulation
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Bicarbonates form in nephron wall, diffuse into bloodstream. Buffers acidic blood.
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