3 - Hutchinson Clinical Anemia

Front 1

Signs of Anemia:
_______, Tachypnea
Orthostasis
______ (skin/complexion, conjunctiva)
HIgh ____-type heart murmur

Back 1

Tachycardia
Pallor
output

Front 2

Jaundice, HSM indicate what type of anemias?
Loss of vibration/position sense is from what deficiency?

Back 2

hemolytic
B12

Front 3

Cheilosis, Glossitis, Brittle spoon-nails, Pallor (first in conjunctiva), PICA are all signs of what?

Back 3

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Front 4

Inadequate Blast Formation can be from:
Non-functioning _______ system (CRF, Hypothyroidism, malnutrition)
Non-intact _______ environment (damaged stem cell from radiation, drugs, genes or infiltration by leukemia, metastasis, fibrosis)

Back 4

erythropoietin
marrow

Front 5

Inadquate RBC Maturation:
Abnormal ___ production (Fe deficiency, inhibited globin synthesis = ______)
Abnormal ___ synthesis (nuclear maturation) - (B12, Folate deficiency, myelodysplasias)

Back 5

Hemoglobin
DNA

Front 6

Unhealthy/Harasssed Peripheral Environment:
Low RBC survival in acute/chronic _______ anemias
RBC harassed if surface _______ abnormal (shape or immunogenic qualities)

Back 6

hemolytic
structure

Front 7

Unhealth organism:
Chronic disease can affect whole of RBC production, maturation, degradation - via general lack of _______ function
(inflammation, infection, malignancy)

Back 7

intercellular

Front 8

Classify anemias by cytology
According to size of average red cell = ___
Microcytic, Normocytic (80-100), macrocytic

Back 8

MCV = mean corpuscular volume

Front 9

4 causes of Microcytic Anemia:
1) ___ deficiency anemia
2) Anemia of ____ _____
3) ______ anemias
4) thalassemias

Back 9

iron
chronic disease
sideroblastic

Front 10

IDA causes:
Excessive ____ (hemorrhage, phlebotomy, parasite, GI, pregnancy)
Inadequate ____ (dietary, malabsorption, previous surgery)

Back 10

loss
intake

Front 11

ACD:
Inflammation, In____, M______

Back 11

Infection
Malignancy

Front 12

Sideroblastic Anemias:
Difficulty incorporating ___ into ___
This problem can be ____ (antituberculosis drugs, Pb toxicity, EtOH) or ______

Back 12

Iron
Hgb
acquired
congenital

Front 13

Thalassemias:
____ or ____
Asian and African varities
very small ____s

Back 13

alpha
beta
MCVs

Front 14

8 causes of macrocytic anemia:
_______ anemia
alcoholism
_______ syndromes
pure red cell _____
Aplastic anemia
H_____ anemia
Hypo______
_____ disease

Back 14

megaloblastic
myelodysplastic
aplasia
hemolytic
hypothyroidism
Liver

Front 15

Megaloblastic anemia is caused by __/____ deficiency
See big ___ and hypersegmented _____ in peripheral smear

Back 15

B12/Folate
RBC
neutrophils

Front 16

Alcoholism causes _____ anemia mediated through ____ _____ suppression. Biopsy it and see ______ of erythroid precursors

Back 16

macrocytic
bone marrow
vacuolization

Front 17

Myelodysplastic syndromes are often a precursor to a chronic _____. Results from abnormal _____ maturation
Caused by radiation, chemicals, or ____ programming

Back 17

leukemia
nuclear
genetic

Front 18

Which macrocytic anemia is an anemia of the elderly usually?

Back 18

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Front 19

In Myelodysplastic syndromes bone marrow has changes in erythroid precursor, but normal ___/_____ levels

Back 19

B12/folate

Front 20

Pure red cell aplasia is failure of ________
Can be ____ (drugs-gold salts, underlying malignancies, viruses)
or hereditary (blackfan-____ syndrome)

Back 20

erythroblastosis
induced
diamond

Front 21

Aplastic anemia is complete ___ ____ failure due to: drugs, radiation, ____ infections, hereditary (F____'s syndrome)
Characterized by ___ ____ destruction leading to ______

Back 21

bone marrow
viral
Fanconi
stem cell
pancytopenia

Front 22

Hemolytic anemia is macrocytic when ____ because of more reticulocytes.

Back 22

chronic

Front 23

7 causes of Normocytic Anemia:
_____ variant
recent ________
anemia of _____ disease
mixed anemia
di_______ anemia
_____ disease
myelophthisic anemia

Back 23

normal
hemorrhage
chronic
dilutional
liver

Front 24

Anemia of chronic disease (overlap with _____ causes):
malignancy, _____ tissue disorders, acute and chronic (lyme, HIV) _______

Back 24

microcytic
connective
infections

Front 25

Mixed anemia is the presence of 2 or more causes.
Ex: coincident iron and __ or iron and ____ deficiencies
Ex: _____ anemia - multifactorial: nut. deficiency, hemolysis, GI/GU loss, dilution

Back 25

B12
folate
sports

Front 26

Normocytic Anemia shows _____ RDW in the setting of _____ MCV

Back 26

increased
normal

Front 27

Dilutional anemia is caused by ____ volume expansion relative to absolute number of red cells

Back 27

plasma

Suspect according to history... IVF treatment of traumatic hemorrhage or chemo pt

Front 28

Normocytic anemia from what 2 liver diseases?
Look for increased ___

Back 28

Hepatitis and cirrhosis
RDW

Front 29

Which type of anemia has replacement of normal marrow cells by infiltration of leukemic, myeloma, metastatic cancer cells, myelofibrosis. Peripheral smear shows leukorythroblastic picture with teardrop RBCs, nucelated RBCs, immature granulocytes

Back 29

Myelophthisic Anemia

Front 30

In microcytic anemias the RDW is high for IDA/ACD, normal for IDA/ACD

Back 30

IDA - high when cells in various stages or maturation
ACD - normal if cells all same type

Front 31

In Iron Deficiency, TIBC (measurement of transferrin available) is ___, ferritin (measure of stored iron) is ___

Back 31

high
low

Front 32

Decreased Fe and TIBC (transferrin)
Increased ferritin

Back 32

ACD

Front 33

Sideroblastic anemia has ___ Fe, dimorphism on peripheral smear (microcytic and _____ RBC), ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow biopsy

Back 33

high
normocytic