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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an ionic bond |
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
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What increases the strength of ionic bonds |
Smaller ions higher charge |
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Why are positive ions smaller than their atoms |
Losing an electron from an outer shell increases the effective nuclear charge pulling electrons closer to the nucleus |
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Why are negative ions larger than their atoms |
effective nuclear charge decreases and increased electron repulsion |
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Why are ionic compounds usually soluble in water |
Water is a polar solvent |
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What is a lone pair |
A pair of electrons not involved in bonding |
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Why can metals conduct heat |
Delocalissd electrons can transfer energy |
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Why do transition metals have higher boiling points |
Large number of d subshell electrons delocalise forming strong bonds |
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What are crystal structures of simple covalent compounds called |
Molecular covalent crystals |
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What is an allotrope |
Different forms of the same element in the same physical state |
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Why do lone pair create more repulsion |
Held closer to the nucleus |
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3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair |
Pyramidal |
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5 bonding pairs, 0 lonepairs |
Trigonal bypryamid |
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Trigonal bypramid bond angle |
90 and120 |
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3 bonding pair 2 lone pairs |
T shaped |
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T shapes bond angle |
86 |
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2 bonding pairs 3 lone pairs |
Linear |
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4 bonding pairs 2 lone pairs |
Square planar |
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Square planar bond angle |
90 |
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What is electronegativity |
The power of an atom to attract electron density towards itself |
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What does electro negativity depend on |
Atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, shielding |
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What is the trend in electronegativity? |
Increases across a period and up a group |
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What does a delta positive charge represent |
Electron deficient |
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What does a delta negative charge show |
Electron rich |
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What is another words for polar |
Permanent dipole movement |
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How do VDW occur |
Random movement of electrons causes a temporary dipole which induces a dipole in a neighbouring atom which results in opposite delta chsrges attract |
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What are two other names for VDW |
London forces, induced dipole dipole |
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What happens to VDW attraction atomic radius increases |
Gets stronger |
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What is a permnant dipole dipole force |
Interaction between two permanent dipole due to the attraction of opposite delta charges |
