3-9 Posterior Abdominal Viscera

Front 1

Posterior Abdominal Viscera
(name)

Back 1

kidneys
ureters
suprarenal glands
aorta
IVC
sympathetic trunks

Front 2

Posterior Abdominal Viscera
(in _ space)

Back 2

retroperitoneal space

Front 3

Kidneys
(role)

Back 3

remove wastes from blood
produce urine of varying concentrations

Front 4

Kidneys
(location)

Back 4

T12-L3
(T11-L3)
changes during respiration and posture

Front 5

Kidneys
(which lower)

Back 5

right slightly lower than left

Front 6

Kidney
surface anatomy

Back 6

f 2.78

Front 7

Kidneys
Relationships
(posterior)

Back 7

diaphragm
rib 12 (left 11 also)
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
subcostal nerve and artery
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Front 8

Kidneys
Relationships
(anterior)

Back 8

right:
liver
duodenum
ascending colon
left:
stomach
spleen
pancreas
jejunum
descending colon

Front 9

Kidneys
Relationships
(superomedial)

Back 9

suprarenal glands

Front 10

Kidneys
renal fat and fascia
(allows)

Back 10

movement of kidneys

Front 11

Kidneys
Renal fat and fascia
(name sup to deep)

Back 11

pararenal (paranephric) fat
renal fascia
perirenal fat

Front 12

pararenal (paranephric) fat
(_ to renal fascia)

Back 12

external

Front 13

renal fascia
(mostly encloses)

Back 13

mostly encloses:
kidneys
suprarenal glands
perirenal fat

Front 14

Perinephric abscess, nephroptosis

Back 14

pp 298

Front 15

Kidneys
Gross structures
(name)

Back 15

renal capsule
renal hilum/sinus
renal cortex/columns
renal medulla/pyramids/papillae
minor calices (calyces)
major calices
renal pelvis > ureter

Front 16

Kidneys
Renal capsule
(location)

Back 16

CT on surface of kidney

Front 17

Kidneys
Renal hilum / sinus
(components)

Back 17

fat
vessels
passageways

Front 18

Kidneys
renal cortex / columns
(appearance)

Back 18

looks grandular
columns are the extensions
large vessels enter/leave through the cortex

Front 19

Kidneys
renal medulla / pyramids / papillae
(appearance)

Back 19

looks striped
urine formation
medulla - general name for inner portion, divided to pyramids

Front 20

Kidneys
minor calices (calyces) / major calices
(role)

Back 20

collect urine

Front 21

Kidneys
Renal pelvis > _

Back 21

ureter

Front 22

Kidneys
Blood supply - arteries
(name)

Back 22

renal arteries:
right renal artery
left renal artery

Front 23

Kidneys
Renal arteries
(arise from, which longer, right passes posterior to _, each divides close to _ into ~5 _ arteries > 5 renal segments)

Back 23

arise from aorta at *L1-2*
Right is longer and passes posterior to
IVC
divide close to hilum into ~5 segmental arteries

Front 24

Kidneys
veins
(name)

Back 24

Renal veins
right renal vein
left renal vein

Front 25

Kidneys
Renal Veins
from several veins in kidney that unite
(drain into _)

Back 25

IVC

Front 26

Kidneys
Which renal vein longer?

Back 26

Left renal vein is longer

Front 27

Left renal vein
(_ to aorta, crossed by _, which also cross _)

Back 27

anterior to aorta
crossed by superior mesenteric vessels
which also cross 3rd part of duodenum

Front 28

Kidneys
Lymphatic drainage
vessels follow _, drain into _ > lumbar trunks

Back 28

vessels follow renal veins
drain into lateral aortic nodes > lumbar trunks

Front 29

Kidneys
Innervation

Back 29

from renal plexus -
sym and parasym

Front 30

Kidneys
transplantation
dialysis
cysts

Back 30

pp. 298
new kidney put in iliac fossa, good blood supply and closer to bladder

Front 31

Ureters
( _ tubes, drain _ into _)

Back 31

*muscular tubes
*drain urine into urinary bladder

Front 32

Ureters
_peritoneal

Back 32

retroperitoneal

Front 33

Ureters
Are retroperitoneal
adhere closely to _
anterior to _

Back 33

adhere closely to parietal peritoneum
anterior to psoas major

Front 34

Ureters
Sites of constriction

Back 34

junction of renal pelvis and ureter
crossing pelvic brim/external iliac artery
entering wall of urinary bladder

Front 35

Ureters
crossed by _ in male
crossed by _ in female

Back 35

testicular vessels
*uterine vessels in female*

Front 36

Ureters
Blood supply

Back 36

usually from:
renal arteries
testicular/ovarian arteries
abdominal aorta
drain into accompanying veins

Front 37

Ureters
Lymphatic drainage

Back 37

drain medially just like kidney
To lateral aortic and iliac (common, external, internal) nodes

Front 38

Ureters
Innervation
(plexuses)

Back 38

adjacent autonomic plexuses (renal, testicular/ovarian, inferior hypogastric)

Front 39

Ureters
Innervation
*Pain*

Back 39

*T11-L2*
(loin>groin, lumbar>inguinal)
-radiates to many areas

Front 40

renal and ureteric calculi

Back 40

p 300
mineral deposits, extremely painful

Front 41

suprarenal (adrenal) glands
( _ glands, location)

Back 41

endocrine glands
superomedial to kidneys

Front 42

adrenal glands
(produce)

Back 42

produce steroid and catecholamine hormones

Front 43

suprarenal glands
(enclosed by _, which attaches them to _)

Back 43

enclosed by fat and renal fascia,
which attaches them to diaphragm

Front 44

Right Adrenal Gland
(shape, tight or loosely adherent, relationships)

Back 44

triangular
loosely adherent to kidney
posterior to IVC and liver

Front 45

Left Suprarenal Gland
(shape, tight or loosely adherent, relationships)

Back 45

semilunar
tightly adherent
posterior to stomach and pancreas

Front 46

Suprarenal Glands
Gross Structure

Back 46

Fibrous capsule
cortex
medulla

Front 47

Adrenal Glands
Gross Structure
Cortex = ?

Back 47

steroid hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, etc.)

Front 48

Suprarenal Glands
Gross Structure
Medulla = ?

Back 48

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Front 49

Adrenal Glands
Blood Supply

Back 49

branches from:
inferior phrenic arteries
aorta
renal arteries
Drain into:
renal vein (left) or
IVC (right)

Front 50

Suprarenal Glands
Lymph drainage

Back 50

to lateral aortic nodes

Front 51

Adrenal Glands
Innervation

Back 51

From celiac plexus and thoracic splanchnic nerves
Mainly pregang sym to medulla

Front 52

Abdominal Aorta
(location)

Back 52

T12-L4

Front 53

Abdominal Aorta
Surface anatomy

Back 53

f 2.98B

Front 54

Abdominal Aorta
Branches

Back 54

*3 vascular planes:
Unpaired visceral (GI)
Paired visceral
Paired parietal (wall)

Front 55

Abdominal Aorta
*Unpaired visceral (GI) branches and where they come off*

Back 55

celiac trunk (T12)
superior mesenteric artery (L1)
inferior mesenteric artery (L3)

Front 56

Abdominal Aorta
Paired visceral branches and where they come off

Back 56

suprarenal (L1)
renal (L1-2)
testicular/ovarian (L2)

Front 57

Abdominal Aorta
Paired parietal (wall)

Back 57

inferior phrenic
subcostal
lumbar (4 pairs)

Front 58

Abdominal Aorta
Bifurcation where?

Back 58

**L4**

Front 59

Abdominal Aorta
Bifurcation into

Back 59

bifurcation at L4
common iliacs (divide to internal and exteral iliacs)
median sacral

Front 60

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Back 60

p 319
branches are weak areas

Front 61

Inferior Vena Cava
(forms at _ by convergence of _)

Back 61

forms at **L5** by convergence of
common iliac veins

Front 62

IVC
(location)

Back 62

to right of median plane,
inferior to aortic bifurcation,
posterior to proximal common iliac arteries

Front 63

IVC
Tributaries

Back 63

Common iliac veins
lumbar veins
right testicular/ovarian vein
renal veins
right suprarenal vein
inferior phrenic veins
hepatic veins

Front 64

Right testicular/ovarian vein drains to _

Back 64

IVC

Front 65

Left testicular/ovarian vein drains to _

Back 65

left renal vein

Front 66

Right suprarenal vein drains to _

Back 66

IVC

Front 67

Left suprarenal vein usually drains to _

Back 67

left renal vein

Front 68

Collateral routes

Back 68

p. 319-320

Front 69

Read about lymphatics

Back 69

pp 315-316