3-8 Abdominal Vessels, Ducts, Lymphatics, Nerves

Front 1

Arterial Supply to GI tract
(in general)

Back 1

primarily 3 unpaired vessels arising from anterior aspect of abdominal aorta

Front 2

Primarily _ unpaired vessels supply the GI tract, they arise from _

Back 2

primarily 3 unpaired vessels arising from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta

Front 3

Celiac Trunk
(vertebral level, to _ structures)

Back 3

vertebral level T12
to foregut structures

Front 4

Celiac Trunk
3 main branches

Back 4

left gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery

Front 5

left gastric artery
(branch of, to)

Back 5

branch of celiac trunk
to left side of lesser curvature of stomach
to lower esophagus

Front 6

splenic artery
(branch of, location, char, to)

Back 6

branch of celiac trunk
lies posterior to stomach,
in upper edge of pancreas
*tortuous*
passing to spleen

Front 7

splenic artery
(branches)

Back 7

splenic branches
left gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery
short gastric arteries
pancreatic vessels

Front 8

left gastroepiploic artery
(aka, branch of, to)

Back 8

gastro-omental artery
branch of splenic artery
to leftmost part of greater curvature of stomach and
to greater omentum

Front 9

short gastric arteries
(branch of, to)

Back 9

branch of splenic artery
to fundus of stomach

Front 10

pancreatic vessels
(branch of, divisions)

Back 10

branch of splenic artery
dorsal pancreatic and
greater pancreatic

Front 11

Common hepatic artery
(branch of, supplies)

Back 11

branch of celiac trunk
supplies:
liver
gallbladder
stomach
pancreas
duodenum

Front 12

Name the 3 unpaired vessels arising from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta that supply the GI tract

Back 12

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

Front 13

common hepatic artery
branches

Back 13

gastroduodenal artery
proper hepatic artery

Front 14

gastroduodenal artery
(branch of, branches into)

Back 14

branch of common hepatic artery
branches:
supraduodenal artery
right gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Front 15

proper hepatic artery
(branch of, branches to)

Back 15

branch of common hepatic artery
branches:
right gastric artery
right hepatic artery
left hepatic artery

Front 16

Gastroduodenal artery
(location)

Back 16

**behind 1st part of duodenum

Front 17

supraduodenal artery
(branch of)

Back 17

gastroduodenal artery

Front 18

splenic branches
(branch of)

Back 18

splenic artery

Front 19

right gastroepiploic artery
(aka, branch of, location)

Back 19

right gastro-omental artery
branch of gastroduodenal artery
to rightmost part of greater curvature of stomach

Front 20

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (anterior and posterior)
(branch of, location)

Back 20

branch of gastroduodenal artery
anterior and posterior branches that are anterior and posterior to pancreas?

Front 21

Superior mesenteric artery
(vertebral level, to _ structures)

Back 21

*L1
to midgut structures

Front 22

SMA
(branches)

Back 22

inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
middle colic artery
right colic artery
ileocolic artery
intestinal arteries
--arcades, vasa recta

Front 23

inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries [anterior and posterior]
(branch of)

Back 23

SMA

Front 24

middle colic artery
(branch of, to)

Back 24

branch of SMA
to transverse colon

Front 25

right colic artery
(branch of, to)

Back 25

branch of SMA
to ascending colon

Front 26

ileocolic artery
(branch of, to)

Back 26

branch of SMA
to:
cecum
ileum
appendix

Front 27

intestinal arteries
(branch of, located in, to, divisions)

Back 27

branch of SMA
located in mesentery
to:
jejunum
ileum
Divisions:
Vasa Recta
Arcades

Front 28

Inferior mesenteric artery
(vertebral level, to _ structures)

Back 28

*L3
to hindgut structures

Front 29

Inferior mesenteric artery
(branches)

Back 29

left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal arteries

Front 30

inferior mesenteric artery
(branch of)

Back 30

branch of anterior aspect of ab aorta at level of L3

Front 31

celiac trunk (artery)
(branch of)

Back 31

branch of anterior ab aorta at level of T12

Front 32

SMA
(branch of)

Back 32

branch of anterior ab aorta at level of L1

Front 33

left colic artery
(branch of, to)

Back 33

branch of inferior mesenteric artery
to left colic flexure and
descending colon

Front 34

sigmoid arteries
(branch of, to)

Back 34

branch of IMA
to sigmoid colon

Front 35

superior rectal arteries
(branch of, to)

Back 35

branch of IMA
to upper rectum

Front 36

Marginal artery
(what)

Back 36

anastomotic channel b/w SMA and IMA

Front 37

Upper and lower portions of GI tract
(blood supply, what all along GI tract)

Back 37

esophageal arteries from thoracic aorta
middle and inferior rectal arteries from iliac arteries
Extensive arterial anastomoses all along GI tract

Front 38

Venous drainage of GI tract

Back 38

Portal Venous System:
-splenic vein
-SMV
-(hepatic) portal vein
-IMV
-right and left gastric veins

Front 39

Portal Venous system
components

Back 39

splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein
(hepatic) portal vein
inferior mesenteric vein
right and left gastric veins

Front 40

Splenic vein
(receives venous drainage from organs supplied by)

Back 40

celiac trunk

Front 41

superior mesenteric vein
(receives venous drainage from organs supplied by)

Back 41

superior mesenteric artery

Front 42

(hepatic) portal vein
(carries _ into _, formed by junction of)

Back 42

carries nutrient-rich blood into liver
formed by junction of:
splenic vein and SMV

Front 43

inferior mesenteric vein
(receives venous drainage from organs supplied by, drains into)

Back 43

inferior mesenteric artery
drains into either splenic vein or
junction of splenic and superior mesenteric veins

Front 44

right and left gastric veins
(receive venous drainage from, drain into)

Back 44

venous drainage from part of stomach
may drain into portal vein or into splenic vein

Front 45

_ sends blood into the liver, where it is processed and returned to the general circulation via the _, which drain into _

Back 45

Portal vein sends blood into the liver
hepatic veins
IVC

Front 46

Where do the hepatic veins drain to?

Back 46

IVC

Front 47

What sends *nutrient rich* blood into liver?

Back 47

(hepatic) portal veins

Front 48

Name the 3 portal-caval anastomoses

Back 48

3 portal-systemic anastomoses:
esophageal vessels with thoracic esophageal veins
superior rectals with middle and inferior rectals
small paraumbilical veins in falciform ligament with epigastric veins

Front 49

Esophageal vessels
(from _ vein, from which part of circulation, anastomose with)

Back 49

from left gastric vein (portal)
anastomose with thoracic esophageal veins (systemic/caval)

Front 50

Thoracic esophageal veins
(from which side of circulation, anastomose with)

Back 50

systemic/caval
anastomose with esophageal vessels (portal)

Front 51

Superior rectals
(from _ vein, from which part of circulation, anastomose with)

Back 51

from inferior mesenteric vein (portal)
anastomose with middle and inferior rectals from internal iliac veins (systemic/caval)

Front 52

middle and inferior rectals
(from _ veins, from which side of circulation, anastomose with)

Back 52

from internal iliac veins (systemic/caval)
anastomose with superior rectals from the inferior mesenteric vein (portal)

Front 53

Small paraumbilical veins
(in _, which part of circulation, anastomose with _ on _)

Back 53

in the falciform ligament (portal)
anastomose with epigastric veins
on the anterior ab wall (systemic/caval)

Front 54

epigastric veins
(which part of circulation, anastomose with)

Back 54

systemic/caval
anastomose with small paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament

Front 55

Portal Hypertension
(caused by, results in)

Back 55

caused by factors such as:
hepatic fibrosis or
cirrhosis
results in blood being forced into the systemic venous system via portal-systemic anastomoses

Front 56

Portal hypertension
Anastomoses become enlarged = evidence of hypertension
(examples)

Back 56

esophageal varices (varicosities)
hemorrhoids (rectal varices)
caput medusae (dilated paraumbilical/epigastric veins)

Front 57

Relief of portal hypertension

Back 57

surgical anastomoses b/w portal veins and systemic veins
(ex: spleno-renal anastomoses or TIPS procedure)

Front 58

Duct system
Digestive tract is basically what?
Some glands _, some glands _

Back 58

Digestive tract is basically a tube with glands having ducts opening into the tube.
Some glands are within the wall of the tube and some are external to the tube.

Front 59

Duct system
Salivary glands

Back 59

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Front 60

Duct System
Liver
(cells produce _ that _)

Back 60

cells produce bile
that emulsifies fat

Front 61

Duct System
flow of bile

Back 61

bile canaliculi >
bile ducts >
right and left hepatic ducts >
common hepatic duct (joined by cystic duct) >
(common) bile duct >
duodenum

Front 62

Duct System
Gall bladder
(stores and concentrates)

Back 62

bile from the liver

Front 63

Duct System
Gallbladder
What keeps cystic duct open?

Back 63

spiral fold

Front 64

Cystic duct joins _ to form _

Back 64

cystic duct joins
common hepatic duct to form
common bile duct

Front 65

Duct System
Pancreas
(produces)

Back 65

digestive enzymes

Front 66

Pancreas
2 ducts

Back 66

main pancreatic duct
accessory pancreatic duct

Front 67

main pancreatic duct
(from _ to _, may unite with _ at _, opens into _ on _)

Back 67

from tail to head of pancreas
may unite with common bile duct at
hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)
opens into duodenum on major duodenal papilla

Front 68

Duct System
Sphincters exist around _
(name sphincters)

Back 68

sphincters exist around terminal parts of ducts
sphincter of pancreatic duct
sphincter of bile duct
hepatopancreatic sphincter (of Oddi)

Front 69

Accessory Pancreatic Duct
(drains, empties into)

Back 69

drains upper part of pancreatic head
empties into duodenum at
minor duodenal papilla (superior to major papilla)

Front 70

Lymphatic Drainage of Abdomen
All abdominal lymph drainage ultimately reaches _, which drains into the junction of _ and _ on the _ side

Back 70

All abdominal lymph drainage ultimately reaches
thoracic duct, which drains into junction of
subclavian vein and internal jugular vein on
left side

Front 71

Cisterna chyli
_ dilation
location
length
is lowermost portion of _
receives drainage of

Back 71

saccular dilation
L1-2
about 5-7 cm long
lowermost portion of thoracic duct
receives drainage of
intestinal trunk and right and left lumbar trunks

Front 72

Lymphatic Drainage of Abdomen
Intestinal Trunk
(receives drainage of _ nodes (location?) from what two main sources)

Back 72

receives drainage of pre-aortic lymph nodes (anterior to ab aorta)
coming from 2 main sources:
celiac nodes
superior and inferior mesenteric nodes

Front 73

Celiac nodes
(location, drain)

Back 73

around celiac trunk
drain:
gastric nodes
hepatic nodes
pancreaticosplenic nodes

Front 74

superior and inferior mesenteric nodes
(location, drain)

Back 74

around corresponding vessels
drain nodes of
small intestine and
large intestine

Front 75

Lymphatic Drainage of Abdomen
Right and left lumbar trunks
(receive drainage of _ nodes (location?) coming from several sources _ to peritoneal cavity = ?

Back 75

receive drainage of lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes (along ab aorta) coming from several sources external to peritoneal cavity:
abdominal wall
kidneys and suprarenal glands
gonads
pelvic walls
pelvic viscera
lower limbs (via inguinal nodes)

Front 76

Thoracic duct
(drains _ of the body = ?)

Back 76

3/4 of the body:
entire body below umbilicus
left side of trunk above the umbilicus
left upper limb
left head
left neck

Front 77

Right Lymphatic duct
(drains _ of the body = ?

Back 77

1/4 of the body
right side of trunk above umbilicus
right upper limb
right head
right neck

Front 78

Right Lymphatic duct
(empties into)

Back 78

junction of right subclavian and internal jugular veins

Front 79

When do enlargements occur in lymph nodes?

Back 79

when infection or neoplasia exists in their "drainage field"

Front 80

Nerve supply of GI tract
a large network of plexuses on the vasculature in the abdomen contains:

Back 80

sympathetic fibers
parasympathetic fibers
visceral afferent (sensory) fibers
and many sympathetic ganglia

Front 81

The great autonomic plexuses form a _ from the _ to _ and _

Back 81

continuum
from the thorax (cardiac plexus) to
abdomen and pelvis (celiac and hypogastric plexuses)

Front 82

Nerve supply of GI tract
Sympathetic component

Back 82

Splanchnic nerves
prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
abdominal and periarterial plexuses

Front 83

Splanchnic nerves
(_ fibers, components)

Back 83

preganglionic fibers
thoracic splanchnic nerves
-greater, lesser, least
lumbar splanchnic nerves
(sacral splanchnic nerves - pelvis)

Front 84

Thoracic splanchnic nerves
(components and where they are from)

Back 84

greater (T5-9)
lesser (T10-T11)
least (T12)

Front 85

Lumbar splanchnic nerves
(from)

Back 85

L1-2(3)

Front 86

Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
(cell bodies of, components)

Back 86

cell bodies of postganglionic fibers
celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
aorticorenal ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion
others, usually unnamed

Front 87

celiac ganglion
(from)

Back 87

greater splanchnics

Front 88

superior mesenteric ganglion
(from)

Back 88

from lesser splanchnics and
lumbar splanchnics

Front 89

aorticorenal ganglion
(from)

Back 89

lesser and least splanchnics

Front 90

inferior mesenteric ganglion
(from)

Back 90

lumbar splanchnics

Front 91

Abdominal and periarterial plexuses
(components)

Back 91

postgang sym fibers
mixed with pregang parasym and
visceral afferent fibers

Front 92

Nerve supply of GI tract
Parasympathetic component

Back 92

anterior and posterior vagal trunks
pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
abdominal and periarterial plexuses
intrinsic (enteric) parasym ganglia

Front 93

Abdominal and periarterial plexuses
pregang parasym fibers
**_ to left colic flexure, _ below left colic flexure**
mixed with _ and _

Back 93

vagal to left colic flexure
pelvic splanchnic below left colic flexure
mixed with postgang sym and
visceral afferent fibers

Front 94

Intrinsic (enteric) parasym ganglia
(cell bodies of, location)

Back 94

cell bodies of postgang fibers
in walls of viscera

Front 95

Visceral afferent component
(pain sensation conveyed by _ with cell bodies in _, sensations of nausea and hunger (associated with _) conveyed by _ with cell bodies in _)

Back 95

pain sensation conveyed by fibers accompanying sympathetic fibers
-cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia
sensations of nausea and hunger (associated with reflexes) conveyed by vagal afferent fibers
-cell bodies in vagal ganglia

Front 96

Autonomic Plexuses
(interconnected networks of _, _ , _)

Back 96

sym fibers
parasym fibers
visceral afferent fibers

Front 97

Autonomic Plexuses
(name)

Back 97

Celiac ("solar") plexus
superior mesenteric plexus
intermesenteric plexus, inferior mesenteric plexus, etc.
superior hypogastric plexus
(inferior hypogastric plexus)

Front 98

Autonomic Plexuses
Celiac ("solar") plexus
(surrounds, includes, fibers from)

Back 98

surrounds root of celiac trunk
includes celiac ganglia
fibers from greater and lesser splanchnic nerves and from
posterior vagal trunk

Front 99

Autonomic Plexuses
Superior mesenteric plexus
(surrounds, includes, fibers from)

Back 99

surrounds origin of SMA
includes superior mesenteric ganglion
fibers from celiac plexus and lesser and least splanchnic nerves and vagus

Front 100

Superior hypogastric plexus
(anterior to, fibers from)

Back 100

anterior to aortic bifurcation or lower
fibers from lumbar splanchnics and
pelvic splanchnics

Front 101

Inferior hypogastric plexuses - pelvis
joined to superior hypogastric plexus by _
situated on sides of _,_,_
fibers from _ and _ splanchnics

Back 101

joined to superior hypogastric plexus by
right and left hypogastric nerves
situated on sides of
rectum, cervix, bladder
fibers from sacral splanchnics and
pelvic splanchnics