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30 Cards in this Set
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Sake |
sake S2 W3 /seɪk/ noun [U]1) for the sake of somebody/something also for somebody’s/something’s sake in order to help, improve, or please someone or something He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.I only went for Kay’s sake.I hope he’s told the truth for his own sake (=because it will be good for him) . 2) for God’s/Christ’s/goodness’/Heaven’s/Pete's sake (spoken)a) used when you are telling someone how important it is to do something or not to do something For goodness' sake, don’t be late!b) used to show that you are angry or annoyedWhat is it now, for God’s sake? 3) for the sake of it if you do something for the sake of it, you do it because you want to and not for any particular reasonShe likes spending money just for the sake of it. 4) for its own sake also something for something’s sake if something is done for its own sake, it is done for the value of the experience itself, not for any advantage it will bringart for art’s sake 5) for the sake of argument (spoken) if you say something for the sake of argument, what you say may not be true but it will help you to have a discussionLet’s say, just for the sake of argument, that you’ve got £200 to invest.
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Thrill |
thrill /θrɪl/ noun 1) [C] a sudden strong feeling of excitement and pleasure, or the thing that makes you feel this Winning first place must have been quite a thrill.the thrill of (doing) something (=the excitement you get from something)the thrill of travelling at high speedsEven though I’ve been acting for years, I still get a thrill out of going on stage.It gave Pat a thrill to finally see the group perform live.a thrill of excitement/anticipation/fear etcShe felt a thrill of pride as her son stepped forward.do something for the thrill of it (=do something for excitement and not for any serious reason) 2) thrills and spills also thrills and chills (informal) the excitement and danger involved in an activity, especially a sport3) the thrill of the chase/hunt the excitement you feel when you are trying to get something that is difficult to get, especially when you are trying to get a romantic relationship with someone→cheap thrill at CHEAP1 (6)
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Rational |
ra‧tion‧alAC /ˈræʆnəl/ adjective1) rational thoughts, decisions etc are based on reasons rather than emotions OPP irrational Parents need to be fully informed so they can make a rational decision.I’m sure there’s a rational explanation for all this.It’s impossible to have a rational conversation with him.2) a rational person is able to think calmly and sensibly OPP irrationalCulley was quite rational at the time of her baby’s death.3) (formal) able to make sensible judgmentsMan is a rational animal.— rationally adverbWe were too shocked to think rationally.— rationality /ˌræʆəˈnællti/ noun [U]
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Timid |
tim‧id /ˈtɪmd/ adjective not having courage or confidence SYN shy OPP confident I was a timid child. a policy that is both timid and inadequate— timidly adverb— timidity /tˈmɪdti/ noun [U]RegisterIn everyday English, people usually say that someone is shy rather than timid. |
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Peril |
[ˈperəl] Danger Perilous, adjective |
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Disaster |
di‧sas‧ter S3 W3 /dɪˈzɑːstə $ dɪˈzæstər/noun [C,U]1) a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering → catastrophe One hundred and twenty people died in China’s worst air disaster.the economic consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. disaster for: The oil spill was a disaster for Alaskan sea animals.The 1987 hurricane was the worst natural disaster to hit England for decades.Their expedition nearly ended in disaster, when one of the climbers slid off the mountain.The drought could spell disaster for wildlife. Disaster struck when two men were killed during their parachute jumps.The peace process was on the brink of disaster.Luckily the pilot saw the other plane just in time, and a disaster was narrowly averted. 2) something that is very bad or a failure, especially when this is very annoying or disappointingsomething is a complete/total/disasterBecause of the weather, the parade was a total disaster.The evening was an unmitigated disaster (=a complete failure) .disaster forThe cuts in funding will be a disaster for the schools.Five small boys on skis is a recipe for disaster (=is very likely to end badly) .
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Marvellous |
حیرت آور، عجیب، جالب mar‧vel‧lous S2 (BrE) marvelous (AmE) /ˈmɑːvləs $ ˈmɑːr-/adjective extremely good, enjoyable, impressive etc SYN wonderful‘How was your holiday?’ ‘Marvellous!’We had a marvellous time.I can’t stand him, but my wife thinks he’s marvellous. It’s marvellous what they can do these days.— marvellously adverb
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Caution |
ˈkɔːʃn 1. care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks extreme/great caution Statistics should be treated with caution. He could find himself making enemies as well as friends unless he proceeds with the utmost caution. /ˈkɔːʆn $ ˈkɒː-/noun1) 1. care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risksextreme/great cautionStatistics should be treated with caution.He could find himself making enemies as well as friends unless he proceeds with the utmost caution.2. (formal) a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or riska word/note of cautionSome cautions must be mentioned—for example good tools are essential to do the job well. 1. care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risksextreme/great cautionStatistics should be treated with caution.He could find himself making enemies as well as friends unless he proceeds with the utmost caution.2. (formal) a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or riska word/note of cautionSome cautions must be mentioned—for example good tools are essential to do the job well. 2. (formal) a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk a word/note of caution Some cautions must be mentioned—for example good tools are essential to do the job well. |
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Worthwhile |
worth‧while/ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl◂ $ ˌwɜːrθ-/adjectiveif something is worthwhile, it is important or useful, or you gain something from itHe wanted to do a worthwhile job.We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause (=one that helps people) .it is worthwhile to do somethingI thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.it is worthwhile doing somethingIt wasn’t worthwhile continuing with the project. |
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Possess |
داشتن، دارا بودن، متصرف بودن pos‧sessW3 /pəˈzes/ verb [T not in progressive]1) (formal) to have a particular quality or abilityDifferent workers possess different skills.He no longer possessed the power to frighten her.RegisterIn everyday English, people usually say that someone has or has got something rather than possesses it:They all have different skills.2) (formal) or (law) to have or own somethingNeither of them possessed a credit card.Campbell was found guilty of possessing heroin.3) what possessed somebody (to do something)? (spoken) used to say that you cannot understand why someone did something stupidWhat on earth possessed her to do it?4) (literary) if a feeling possesses you, you suddenly feel it very strongly and it affects your behaviourA mad rage possessed her.
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Countless |
count‧less /ˈkaʊntləs/ adjective [usually before noun] too many to be counted a famous film clip which has been shown countless times
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Destructive |
de‧struc‧tive/dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adjective causing damage to people or things → destroy the destructive power of modern weaponsdestructive toWhat is good for the individual can be destructive to the family.— destructively adverb— destructiveness noun [U]
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Pose |
حالت، وضع، ژست گرفتن، سوال پیچ کردن poseW3 AC/pəʊz $ poʊz/verb 1) cause problem [T] to exist in a way that may cause a problem, danger, difficulty etc pose a threat/danger/risk Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat.pose something to/for somebody/something The events pose a challenge to the church’s leadership.Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration.2) picture [I] to sit or stand in a particular position in order to be photographed or painted, or to make someone do thispose forWe posed for photographs.3) pose a question to ask a question, especially one that needs to be carefully thought aboutIn her book she poses the question ‘How much do we need to be happy?’.4) pose as somebody to pretend to be someone else, in order to deceive peopleBryce was caught posing as a lawyer.5) to impress people [I] to dress or behave like a rich and fashionable person in order to make other people notice you or admire you
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Abuse |
سوء استفاده، بهره کشی، تجاوز a‧buse S2 W3 /əˈbjuːs/ noun1) [plural, U] cruel or violent treatment of someone several cases of child abuse physical/sexual/racial abuse Many children suffer racial abuse at school. An independent committee will look into alleged human rights abuses. 2) [C,U] the use of something in a way that it should not be used SYN mis use abuse of government officials’ abuse of power A self-monitoring tax system is clearly open to abuse (=able to be used wrongly) .alcohol/drug abuse(=the practice of drinking too much or taking illegal drugs) → SOLVENT ABUSE3) [U] rude or offensive things that someone says when they are angryvandalism and verbal abuse directed at old peoplea torrent/stream of abuse(=a series of rude or angry words)shout/hurl/scream abuse at somebodyThe other driver started hurling abuse at me.→a term of abuse at TERM1 (3)
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Bungee jumping |
bun‧gee jump‧ing/ˈbʌndʒi ˌdʒʌmpɪŋ/ noun [U]a sport in which you jump off something very high with a long length of special rope that stretches tied to your legs, so that you go up again without touching the ground— bungee jump noun [C]— bungee jumper noun [C] |
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Courageous |
cou‧ra‧geous/kəˈreɪdʒəs/ adjective brave He was wrong, and courageous enough to admit it. a courageous decision— courageously adverbRegisterIn everyday English, people usually say brave rather than courageous: It was brave of you to tell him what you thought.
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Scuba diving |
scu‧ba div‧ing/ˈskuːbə ˌdaɪvɪŋ/ noun [U]the sport of swimming under water while breathing through a tube that is connected to a container of air on your back— scuba diver noun [C] |
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Snorkel |
snor‧kel/ˈsnɔːkl $ ˈsnɔːr-/noun [C]a tube that allows someone who is swimming to breathe air under waterThis is the best snorkel at that price. |
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Careless |
care‧less/ˈkeələs $ ˈker-/adjective1) not paying enough attention to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes, damage things etc OPP careful It was careless of him to leave the door unlocked.a careless mistake careless driving careless with He’s careless with his glasses and has lost three pairs. Careless talk can be disastrous for a business.2) [usually before noun] natural and not done with any deliberate effort or attentionHe ran a hand through his hair with a careless gesture.3) not concerned about somethingcareless ofa man careless of his own safetyShe gave a careless shrug.Do not use ‘careless’ to mean that someone has no worries. Use carefree They all felt happy and carefree.— carelessly adverb— carelessness noun [U]Thesauruscareless not paying enough attention to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes, damage things etc I made a few careless mistakes. It was careless of you to leave your purse lying about. clumsy often dropping or breaking things because you move around in a careless way I’m so clumsy, I spilt milk all over the floor. a clumsy child sloppy careless and lazy in the way you do your work or in your behaviour generally As a student, he was brilliant but sloppy. I will not tolerate sloppy work. reckless (especially written) doing dangerous or stupid things without thinking about your own or other people’s safety The driver of the car was arrested for reckless driving. His actions showed a reckless disregard for human life. irresponsible careless in a way that might affect other people, especially when you should be taking care of them It’s irresponsible for parents to let their children smoke. his irresponsible attitude to keeping animals tactless carelessly saying something that upsets or embarrasses someone, without intending to do this He kept making tactless remarks about her appearance. a tactless question casual not being careful enough about something and treating it as though it is not important He seems to have a very casual attitude towards his work. She disliked the casual way in which he made decisions affecting other people’s lives. negligent careless about something that you are responsible for, so that serious mistakes are made – used especially when someone will be officially punished for this The doctor was negligent in using the wrong type of needle. They found him guilty of negligent conduct.
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Contribution |
همکاری، شرکت، سهم. اعانه con‧tri‧bu‧tionS2 W2 AC/ˌkɒntrˈbjuːʆn $ ˌkɑːn-/noun1) [C] something that you give or do in order to help something be successful contribution to/towardsEinstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society.significant/substantial/valuable etc contributionWolko made outstanding contributions to children’s medicine.2) [C] an amount of money that you give in order to help pay for somethinga campaign contributioncontribution ofA contribution of £25 will buy 15 books.contribution to/towardsContributions to charities are tax deductible.You can make annual contributions of up to $1,000 in education savings accounts.3) [C] a regular payment that you make to your employer or to the government to pay for things that you will receive when you are no longer working, for example health care, a PENSION etcincome tax and national insurance contributionscontribution toHave you been making regular contributions to a pension plan?4) [C] a piece of writing, a song, a speech etc that forms part of a larger work such as a newspaper, book, broadcast, recording etccontribution froma magazine with contributions from well-known travel writersa Christmas album featuring contributions from Carly Simon, Amy Grant, and others5) [U] when you give money, time, help etcAll the money has been raised by voluntary contribution.
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Pessimistic |
pes‧si‧mis‧tic /ˌpesˈmɪstɪk◂/ adjective expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result OPP optimistic a pessimistic view of lifepessimistic aboutHe remains deeply pessimistic about the peace process.— pessimistically /-kli/ adverb
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Consequence |
con‧se‧quence S3 W2 AC/ˈkɒnskwəns $ ˈkɑːns-kwens/noun 1) [C] something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions consequence of: Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of over population.consequence forOur findings have far-reaching consequences for researchers.with ... consequencesHe ate some poisonous mushrooms, with fatal consequences. 2) as a consequence (of something)/in consequence (of something) (formal) as a result of somethingAnimals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical.She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected. 3) of little/no/any etc consequence (formal) not very important or valuableof little/no/any etc consequence toYour opinion is of little consequence to me.I don’t suppose it is of any consequence now.COLLOCATIONSverbsbe a consequence of something Low energy may be a consequence of sleeping badly.have consequences Taking financial risks can have serious consequences.accept/take the consequences (=understand and deal with them) I’m prepared to accept the consequences of my decision.face/suffer the consequences (=accept the bad results of something you have done) He broke the law, and he will have to face the consequences.consequences follow (=happen) Once the decision has been made, consequences follow.consider the consequences (=think what might happen as a result of something)escape the consequences (=avoid them)adjectivesthe possible/likely consequences What are the likely consequences of these changes?an inevitable consequence (=that you cannot avoid) Loss of mobility is not an inevitable consequence of old age.serious consequences (=bad and important) Too much fishing in these seas has had serious consequences.disastrous/dire consequences (=very bad and damaging) If temperatures continue to rise, it could have disastrous consequences for agriculture.social/political/economic consequencesa direct consequence of something (=a consequence directly caused by something)a natural/logical consequence (=that naturally/logically follows something)a negative consequence (=a bad or unpleasant result)an adverse/unfortunate consequence (=that affects your life, a situation etc badly)tragic consequences (=very sad, usually involving death)far-reaching consequences (=important and affecting many things)long-term consequences (=results that last a long time, or appear after a long time)
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Exotic |
عجیب، بیگانه ex‧ot‧ic/ɪgˈzɒtɪk $ ɪgˈzɑː-/adjectivesomething that is exotic seems unusual and interesting because it is related to a foreign country – use this to show approvalexotic birdsexotic places— exotically /-kli/ adverb
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Adventurous |
بی پروا، ماجراجو ad‧ven‧tur‧ous /ədˈventʆrəs/ adjective 1) not afraid of taking risks or trying new things Andy isn’t a very adventurous cook. 2) also adventuresome (AmE) eager to go to new places and do exciting or dangerous things
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Loser |
los‧er/ˈluːzə $ -ər/noun [C]1) someone who is in a worse situation than they were, because of something that has happened OPP winnerIf the strike continues, the people of Galway will be the real losers.2) someone who is never successful in life, work, or relationshipsWhat a loser!The guy’s a born loser.3) someone who has lost a competition, game, election etc OPP winnergood/bad loser(=someone who behaves well or badly after losing) |
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Impression |
احساس، تاثیر، گمان im‧pres‧sionS2 W2 /ɪmˈpreʆn/ noun1) [C,U] the opinion or feeling you have about someone or something because of the way they seemWhen we looked around the school we got a very good impression.I got the impression that she wasn't very happy with her job.impression ofWhat was your impression of Roger?2) be under the impression (that) to believe that something is true when it is notI’m sorry, I was under the impression that you were the manager.3) [C] if you do an impression of a famous person, you copy their speech or behaviour in order to make people laugh SYN imitationJean does a great impression of Madonna.4) [C] a picture or drawing of what someone or something might look like, or what something will look like in the futureimpression ofan artist’s impression of the new building5) [C] a mark left by pressing something into a soft surfaceSome of the fallen trees had left a clear impression in the hardened mud.6) [C] all the copies of a book printed at one time → editionCOLLOCATIONSverbsmake an impression Think about what sort of impression you want to make.give an impression Her speech definitely gave the impression that she was enthusiastic about the project.create an impression also convey an impression formal Arriving late won’t create a very good impression.get an impression What sort of impression did you get of the city?leave an impression on somebody (=make someone remember a person, place, or thing ) Janet certainly left an impression on him.adjectivesa good/positive impression He was keen to make a good impression on his boss.a bad/negative impression Arriving late for an interview gives a very negative impression.somebody’s first/initial/immediate impression My first impression was that Terry’s version of the events was untrue.a clear/vivid impression He had the clear impression that most people were in favour of the idea.a vague impression (=not very clear) Dave only had a vague impression of the man who had attacked him.a strong/deep impression (=one that someone feels very strongly ) She made a strong impession on me the first time I met her.a lasting impression (=one that someone remembers for a long time) Sam’s performance had clearly made a lasting impression on the audience.a wrong/misleading impression The advertisement gave a misleading impression of the product.a false/mistaken impression He had the mistaken impression that Julia was married.the overall/general impression The general impression was of a very efficiently run company.the distinct impression (=used when something seems very clear to you) We were left with the impression that the contract was ours if we wanted it.phrasesfirst impressions count (=the impression you make when you first meet someone is important)
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Adventure |
ad‧ven‧ture/ədˈventʆə $ -ər/noun [C,U]1) an exciting experience in which dangerous or unusual things happena great adventureAhab’s adventures at seaan adventure story2) sense/spirit of adventure willingness to try new things, take risks etcCome on – where’s your sense of adventure? |
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Obstacle |
ob‧sta‧cle/ˈɒbstəkl $ ˈɑːb-/noun [C]1) something that makes it difficult to achieve somethingobstacle toFear of change is an obstacle to progress.The tax puts obstacles in the way of companies trying to develop trade overseas.Women still have to overcome many obstacles to gain equality.We want to remove all obstacles to travel between the two countries.the single biggest obstacle to a Conservative victory in the next electionThere are formidable obstacles on the road to peace.2) an object which blocks your way, so that you must try to go around it |
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Overnight |
o‧ver‧night2/ˈəʊvənaɪt $ ˈoʊvər-/adjective1) happening during the night or for the nightan overnight flight to Chicagoovernight accommodation in London2) happening surprisingly quicklyThe show was an overnight success.his overnight decision to become a vegetarian |
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Reliable |
re‧li‧a‧bleAC /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adjective someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or depended on SYN dependable → relya birth control method that is cheap and reliable Miller was a quiet and reliable man.— reliably adverb— reliability /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlti/ noun [U]
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