2Vm - Pathology - Test Iii - Inflammatory Joint Disease

Front 1

Two major patterns of infectious joint disease

Back 1

- Hematogenous
- Implantation

Front 2

4 things that the two patterns of infectious joint disease reflect

Back 2

- Portal of entry
- Age of the animal
- Species of the animal
- Anatomical and physiological properties of the joint

Front 3

What causes polyarthritis?

Back 3

Hematogenous localization of microbial agents during septicemia/bacteremia

Front 4

What causes the number of joints involved with polyarthritis to decrease?

Back 4

Increase in age

Front 5

What do infections use to spread once inside the joint or epiphysis?

Back 5

Epiphyseal nutrient foramina

Front 6

Two reasons young animals articular cartilage is more susceptible to damage from inflammatory proteins, enzymes, and trauma

Back 6

- Less structural proteins (collagen fiber)
- Less proteoglycans (amorphous matrix)

Front 7

Two locations that the inflammatory process takes place in the infected joint

Back 7

- Capillary bed
- Interstitium of synovium

Front 8

4 principles for effective treatment of infected joint

Back 8

- Decompression and drainage
- Removal of exudate by lavage/curettage
- Flushing joint with saline
- Systemic antibiotics

Front 9

What is the effectof serous effusion of the joint?

Back 9

Dilutes and decreases lubricating actions of hyaluronic acid, making it more susceptible to damage

Front 10

What should serous effusion of the joint not be confused with?

Back 10

Serous arthritis, which is used to describe characterization of joint fluid

Front 11

Two host factors of infected joints

Back 11

- Serous effusion in joint
- Fibrinous arthritis

Front 12

Two inflammatory cells that cause most of the cartilage destruction in infected joints

Back 12

- MP
- Neutrophils

Front 13

2 colors that joint fluid turns when inflammatory cells start infiltrating the space

Back 13

- Rust colored
- Opaque

Front 14

What is the cloudy joint fluid that's caused by inflammatory cells called?

Back 14

Suppurative arthritis
- Fibrinosuppurative or Fibrinopurulent arthritis if Fibrin is present

Front 15

What does IL-1 do?

Back 15

Stimulates cartilage metalloproteinases that destroy the fibrillar matrix of cartilage

Front 16

Two inflammatory cells that release IL-1

Back 16

Synoviocytes
MP

Front 17

Two things that inflamed synoviocytes release

Back 17

- IL-1
- PG

Front 18

PG's effects on joint cartilage

Back 18

Causes chondrocytes to reduce their rate of matrix synthesis

Front 19

Four things the capillary bed in an inflammatory joint does

Back 19

- Dilutes infectious agent
- Supplies inflammatory cells
- Supplies inflammatory proteins
- Form the pannus

Front 20

Pannus (define)

Back 20

A flat bed of granulation tissue

Front 21

What is a 'flat bed of grannulation tissue' called?

Back 21

Pannus

Front 22

Two places the pannus arises in an inflamed joint

Back 22

- Synovial capillary bed of joint capsule insertion line
- Capillary bed of subchondral spongiosa beneath a defect/ulcer

Front 23

4 mechanisms of damage by the pannus in an inflamed joint

Back 23

- Applies destructive products (inflammatory cells and products) directly to articular surface
- Blocks out synovial fluid
- Causes lysosomal membranes to rupture and kill chondrocytes due to increased O2 tension
- Fibrous ankylosis of joint surfaces

Front 24

2 aspects affected in the joint capsule by infectious joint disease

Back 24

- Synovial fluid
- Fibrous joint capsule

Front 25

Why are synovial biopsies not useful for diagnosis of infectious joint disease?

Back 25

Show a stereotyped response and don't identify causative biological agent

Front 26

What is a joint tap for fluid gathering called?

Back 26

Arthrocentesis

Front 27

What organizes edema in an inflamed joint?

Back 27

Fibroblasts
- Activated by resting mesenchymal cells

Front 28

What does an activation of fibroblasts in an inflamed joint cause?

Back 28

Reduced range of motion via a fibrosis of the joint capsule

Front 29

Sequelae to infectious arthritis with resolution of inflammation and little to no articular cartilage damage or fibrosis

Back 29

No sequelae

Front 30

Sequelae to infectious arthritis with resolution of inflammation and moderate articular cartilage damage or fibrosis

Back 30

Secondary DJD

Front 31

Sequelae to infectious arthritis with thickening of joint capsule and mild to moderate articular cartilage damage or fibrosis

Back 31

Restriction of range of motion

Front 32

Sequelae to infectious arthritis with thickening of joint capsule and large amount of articular cartilage damage or fibrosis

Back 32

Fibrous and/or bony ankylosis

Front 33

What is an uncommon, immune mediated bilaterally symmetrical erosive, inflammatory joint disease?

Back 33

Deforming (erosive) arthritis
- Similar to rheumatoid arthritis

Front 34

Suspected pathogenesis of Deforming (erosive) arthritis [(long)]

Back 34

Exogenous agent stimulating synovial lymphocytes to produce abnormal IgG ABs that's recognized as a foreign AG

This causes formation of Rheumatoid factor

Front 35

What is rheumatoid factor composed of? (3)

Back 35

- 7S IgG
- 7S IgM
- 19S IgM

Front 36

What does activation of a persistent pannus formation do?

Back 36

Destroys (erodes) joint margins resulting in joint instability

Front 37

Primary breeds affected by deforming arthritis

Back 37

Small and toy breeds

Front 38

What joints are affected first by deforming arthritis?

Back 38

Small distal joints, progressing to larger, proximal joints

Front 39

What is a pattern of immune mediated nonerosive polyarthritis in dogs and cats?

Back 39

Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis

Front 40

Which form of immune mediated arthritis is more common in veterinary practice?

Back 40

Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis

Front 41

6 forms of Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis disorder

Back 41

- Idiopathic
- Systemic lupus
- Chronic infectious disease
- Neoplasia
- Drug induced
- Enteropathic

Front 42

Which form of Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis disorder is most common?

Back 42

Idiopathic

Front 43

Joints affected by Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis

Back 43

Small, distal joints

Front 44

Size of breeds affected by Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis

Back 44

Medium and Large

Front 45

Pathogenesis of Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis

Back 45

Deposition of circulating immune complexes in capillary bed of synovium

Front 46

What differs Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis from rheumatoid-like arthritis?

Back 46

- Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis is cyclical
- Immune complexes don't persist in joints

Front 47

Why does Nondeforming (nonerosive) polyarthritis not erode the joint?

Back 47

Since immune complexes are cleared, there's no chronic antigenic stimulation to maintain a pannus long enough to cause erosion