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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stenosis (define)
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Incomplete, segmental occlusion of intestinal lumen
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Atresia (define)
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Complete, segmental occlusion of intestinal lumen
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3 types of atresia in the intestines
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- Membrane atresia
- Cord atresia - Blind-end atresia |
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What is small intestinal atresia most common in?
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Calves
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2 clinical signs of small intestinal atresia
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- Abdominal distension
- Absence of feces |
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3 species affected by atresia coli
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- Calves
- Foals - Kittens (rare) |
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Which species are affected by atresia ani?
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All
- Hereditary in calves and pigs |
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Which two species can develop Meckel's Diverticulum?
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- Pig
- Horse |
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What is a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct called?
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Meckel's Diverticulum
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2 things that Meckel's Diverticulum can be associated with
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- Colic
- Impaction |
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Where in the body does Meckel's Diverticulum occur?
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Blind ended pouch in Distal jejunum
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What is an autosomal recessive intestinal developmental anomaly?
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Congenital colonic aganglionosis
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What is Congenital colonic aganglionosis characterized by?
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Absence of colonic myenteric plexuses
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What is Congenital colonic aganglionosis caused by?
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Failure of melanoblasts and neuroblasts to migrate from neural crest
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Two results of Congenital colonic aganglionosis
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- Lack of contraction and peristalsis in colon
- Death in less than 48 hours |
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What is Congenital colonic aganglionosis known as in horses?
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Lethal white syndrome
- White due to lack of melanocytes |
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3 causes of intestinal obstruction via stenosis
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- Neoplasms
- Strictures - Infectious disease |
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What causes intestinal obstruction via obturation?
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Presence of an intraluminal mass
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4 causes of obturation
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- Foreign bodies
- Impaction (occurs at pelvic flexure most often) - Heavy parasite load - Intussusception |
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4 types of intestinal obstruction
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- Stenosis
- Obturation - Extrinsic compression - Pseudo-obstruction |
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3 causes of extrinsic compression
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- Strangulating lipomas
- Neoplasms in abdomen - Adhesions |
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3 causes of pseudo-obstruction
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- Paralytic ileus
- Dysautonomia - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction |
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What causes paralytic ileus?
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Post-abdominal surgery
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What causes dysautonomia?
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Neuronal degeneration of autonomic ganglia
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Two species affected by dysautonomia?
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- Equine
- Feline |
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What species does chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction occur in?
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Dogs
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Clinical sign of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
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Obstruction with a Thin-walled intestine filled with fluid
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What causes chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction?
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Intestinal dysmotility (segmental or diffuse)
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2 causes of internal herniations?
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Epiploic foramen entrapment
Rent in mesentery |
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What species does epiploic foramen entrapment occur in?
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Horse
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Two external herniations
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Diaphragmatic hernia
Perineal hernia (dog) |
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Most common form of equine colon displacement
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Right dorsal displacement
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Torsion (define)
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Rotation of tubular organ along its long axis
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Volvulus (define)
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Twisting of intestine on its mesenteric axis
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3 locations of colonic torsion
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- Base of large colon
- Sternal and diaphragmatic flexure - Near cecocolic fold |
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What is the most common cause of intestinal ischemia?
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Venous infarction
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5 causes of venous infarction
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- Torsion
- Volvulus - Strangulation - Intussusception - Obstruction of thin-walled veins with continued influx of arterial blood |
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What what point does irreversible damage occur with intestinal ischemia and infarction?
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Past 4 hours
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What's the most common protein losing syndrome in dogs?
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Lymphangiectasia
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4 symptoms of Lymphangiectasia
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- Hypoproteinemia
- Edema - Lymphopenia - Ascites |
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Sequela to reactive systemic amyloidosis
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Enteric amyloidosis
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3 causes of enteric amyloidosis
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- Depositiion of insoluble protein
- Defective proteolysis of SAA (caused by chronic inflammation) - Amyloid deposition beneath villi |
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Symptom of enteric amyloidosis
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Malabsorption
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2 species affected by idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
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- Dog
- Cat |
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2 specific dog breeds predispositioned towards idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
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- Basenji
- GSD |
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Histologic change associated with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
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Increased lymphocytes and plasma cells in lamina propria
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2 morphologic changes associated with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
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- Fibrosis in lamina propria
- Changes in villous architecture |
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Most common form of lymphoma in cats
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Intestinal lymphoma
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What age range of cats is most affected by intestinal lymphoma?
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Older (~12 years) old
- FeLV negative too |
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Predominant intestinal lymphoma immunophenotype in dogs
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T-cell lymphoma
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Predominant intestinal lymphoma immunophenotype in cats
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B-cell lymphoma
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What's a rapidly progressive, widely disseminating intestinal lymphoma immunophenotype in cats?
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Large granular lymphomas
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2 dog breeds predispositioned towards Histiocytic ulcerative colitis
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- Boxer
- French Bulldog |
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3 morphologic signs of Histiocytic ulcerative colitis
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- Soft feces
- Mucous with blood - Thickened colonic wall with erosions |
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Which type of Clostridium perfringens is trypsin labile?
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Type C
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What's the problem with Clostridium perfringens Type C?
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Screws up trypsin inhibitor in colostrum, which allows antibodies to be degraded so the animal doesn't benefit from colostrum
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What, specifically, does Clostridium perfringens Type C cause?
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Enterotoxic hemorrhagic enteritis
- Occurs in neonatal lambs, calves, piglets, and foals |
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Pathology of Clostridial enteritis
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Clostridia attach to villus tips > lyse cells and elaborate beta toxin > necrosis of enterocytes > extension progressively downward > hemorrhage, necrosis, and edema of lamina propria > death due to diarrhea or secondary bacteremia/toxemia
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Primary histologic change associated with parvovirus enteritis?
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Necrosis and loss of crypt epithelium
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What two categories of horses is Rhodococcus equi enteritis associated with?
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- Foals
- Immunocompromised adults |
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Pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi enteritis
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Bronchopneumonia > cough up bacteria > exudate swallowed > bacteria enter M cells over GALT > inflammation of Pyer’s patches > abscess formation > pyogranulatomous ulcerative enterocolitis
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Cause of Johne's disease
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Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis
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4 symptoms of Johne's disease
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- Chronic wasting
- Enlarged mesenteric LNs - Thickened SI mucosa - Granulomatous inflammation |
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Pathogenesis of histoplasmosis
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Spores ingested or inhaled > transform to yeast stage > MP ingest yeast > multiply within phagolysosome > spread via lymphatics or hematogenously to other organs
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4 symptoms of histoplasmosis
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- Diarrhea with blood
- Tenesmus - Malabsorption - Weight loss |
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What does Lawsonia intracellularis cause in pigs?
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Porcine proliferative enteropathy
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What does Lawsonia intracellularis cause in horses?
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Proliferative enteritis
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2 histologic signs of Lawsonia intracellularis
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- Atrophy of villi
- Proliferative response in crypts of ileum and LI |
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What causes canine schistosomiasis?
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Heterobilharzia americana
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Where is Heterobilharzia americana found?
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Gulf Coast of Texas
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IH of Heterobilharzia americana
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Freshwater snail
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DH of Heterobilharzia americana
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Raccoon
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5 clinical signs of Heterobilharzia americana
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- Mucoid to bloody diarrhea
- Weight loss - Hypoxia - Hypercalcemia - Anemia |
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Where is Heterobilharzia americana found?
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Mesenteric veins
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What about Heterobilharzia americana induces a granulomatous response?
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Egg migration to intestines
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