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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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foreskin covers ___
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glans
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another name for foreskin
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prepuce
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3 erectile structures in penis
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corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, suspensory ligament
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what diverges to form 2 crura?
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corpora cavernosa
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what erectile structure extends from shaft into glans
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corpus spongiosum
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which erectile structure surrounds the urethra
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corpus spongiosum
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what erectile structure provides most of the erectile capacity?
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corpora cavernosa
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what does the suspensory ligament attach?
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root to pubic symphysis
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opening of urethra called
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urethral meatus
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2 sensitive areas of penis
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corona and frenulum
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rim of glans
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corona
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loose skin between glans and shaft
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frenulum
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vas deferns passes over ______
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pubic symphysis
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sperm made in ____
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testes
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sperm stored and matured in ______
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epididymis
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_____ carries sperm out of penis
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vas deferens
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what is cut in vasectomy
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vas deferens
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seminal vesicle
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sac for semen
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surrounds urethra
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prostate gland
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prostate gland secretes
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fluid that contributes to semen
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bulb of penis made up of _____
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muscles
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2 muscles associated with root of penis, assist in erection and ejaculation
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Bulbospongiosus (bulbocavernosus) and ischiocavernosus muscles
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Skin/muscle (from abdominal muscle in front of abdomen) around testes
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scrotum
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Regulates temperature of testes with sweat glands
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scrotum
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scrotum contains...
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testicles
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2 functions of testes
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secrete sex hormones, manufacture sperm
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lifeline of testes
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spermatic cord
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Connects testes with organ systems in abdominal cavity
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spermatic cord
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Has layer of striated muscle that regulates temp of testes
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spermatic cord
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striated muscle in spermatic cord
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cremaster muscle
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within spermatic cord is
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vas deferens
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vas deferens carries mature sperm away from
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epididymis
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Fine, convoluted tubes where sperm are produced
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seminiferous tubules
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spermatogenesis involves _____
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meiosis
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meiosis: chromosomes are _____ from _____(diploid) to ____ (haploid)
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halved, 46, 23
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sperm develop while embedded in _______
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sertoli cells
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sertoli cells line
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seminiferous tubules
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Spaces between seminiferous tubules occupied by _____
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leydig cells
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sertoli cells produce
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peptide hormones
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leydig cells produce
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steroid and peptide hormones
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vas deferens changes name to ____ when ____
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ejaculatory duct when it passes seminal vesicle
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storage reservoirs for mature sperm
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Vas deferens and epididymis
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seminal plasma made by ____(%) and ____(%)
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prostate gland (30%), seminal vesicles (70%)
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what contributes to pre-ejaculate?
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bulbourethral glands
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what is cut in penis enlargement surgery?
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suspensory ligament
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body of sperm
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acrosome
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3 parts of sperm
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acrosome, flagellum, midpiece
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2 parts of ans
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sympathetic, parasympathetic
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SNS and PNS are part of
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autonomic NS
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facilitates ejaculation
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SNS
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facilitates erection
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PNS
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releases norepinpherine
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SNS
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releases acetylcholine.
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PNS
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active during times of relaxation, calm, safety
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PNS
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fight or flight
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SNS
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nerve pathways in erection
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SNS, PNS
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regulates all aspects of sexual function and hormone release
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hypothalamus
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activates penile erection during REM sleep
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locus coerules
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sends axons down the spinal cord to release serotonin to inhibit erection
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Paragigntocellular nucleus
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____ in the spinal cord will inhibit erection
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serotonin
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may increase spinal serotonin release, inhibiting erection
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SSRIs
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sympathetic activity high in
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flaccid
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constricting arterioles
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flaccid
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contracting trabecular walls
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flaccid
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Blood readily exits the sinusoids
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flaccid
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pressure within the corpus cavernosum is low
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flaccid
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Parasympathetic fibers release acetylcholine
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erect
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VIP and nitric oxide gas
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erect
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Arterioles open, letting blood in
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erect
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smooth muscle relaxes, collapsing veins
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erect
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Nitric oxide increases level of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in smooth muscle
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erect
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blood flows into sinusoid
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erect
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viagra inhibits an enzyme that breaks down _____
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cGMP
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Nitric oxide increases level of _____ in smooth muscle
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cyclic GMP
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3 things that get larger in erection
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corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, sinusoids
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Sperm pass through ______ and enter epididymis, then into _______, through spermatic cord into ______, past bladder, down ______, secretions from seminal vesicle added, through _____ and out
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rete testis, vas deferens, abdomen, prostrate, urethra
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Sperm pass through rete testis and enter ______, then into vas deferens, through ______ into abdomen, past _____, down prostate, secretions from ______ added, through urethra and out
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epididymus, spermatic cord, bladder, seminal vesicle
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what contracts rhythmically in ejaculation
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urethra, pelvic muscles
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____ muscles aid ejaculation
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striated
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2 muscles aiding ejaculating
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bulbocavernosus, ischiocavernosus
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what innervates muscles aiding ejaculation?
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pudendal nerve
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vasocongestion
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engorged with blood
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production of vaginal lubrication
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transudation
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promotes vasocongestion
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PNS
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relaxation of vaginal walls promoted by
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NO
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transudation promoted by
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VIP
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relaxation of vaginal walls inhibited by
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SNS
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transudation inhibited by
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SNS
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Dyspareunia
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tight, contracting vagina caused by nervousness
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human seual response pattern
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excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
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Coolidge effect
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Less time to ejaculate with different females than same female in sheep
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hormone
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A chemical made in one part of the body, released into bloodstream, where it reaches another part of the body and has an effect there
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allomones
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across species (flowers to bees)
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secrete hormone(s) inside the body
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endocrine glands
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5 endocrine glands
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pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads
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Controls all endocrine glands in body
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pituitary
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dangles from, controlled by hypothalamus
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pituitary
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in erect penis, parasympathetic fibers release (3 things)
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acetylcholine, VIP, nitric oxide gas
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