2.political Parties

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Second Party System

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a term of periodization used by historians and political scientists to name the political party system

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New Deal Coalition

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the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential

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Spoils System

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the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power

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Civil Service

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government workers; usually hired on the basis of competitive examinations

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Caucus

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a closed political meeting to select a candidate or promote a policy

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Linkage Institutions

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a structure within a society that connects the people to the government or centralized authority

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McGovern-Frasier Commission

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commission created in response to the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention

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Party Dealignment

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A movement among voters toward nonpartisanship, resulting in a weakening of party structure.

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"Personal Following"

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following your own personal beliefs

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Proportional Representation

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representation of all parties in proportion to their popular vote

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Coalition

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alliance: an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty

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Party Platform

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a list of the actions which a political party supports in order to appeal to the general public

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Progressives

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those favoring or advocating changes or reform, usually in an egalitarian direction for economic policies (public management) and liberal direction for social policies (personal choice)

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Dixiecrats

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States' Rights Democratic Party: a former political party in the United States; formed in 1948 by Democrats from southern states

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Strom Thurmon

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(December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina

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George Wallace

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a 1997 television film starring Gary Sinise as the infamous Alabama governor

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American Independent Party

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a political party that was a vehicle for the 1968 presidential campaign of Governor of Alabama

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Ross Perot

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born June 27, 1930) is an American businessman from Texas best known for running for President of the United States in 1992

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Critical Elections

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A pair (or longer series) of elections in which political alignments change fundamentally

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Political Party

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an organized group of people with similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.

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Progressives

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attempted to reform the ills of American society in the late 19th century, including abolition, Reconstruction, and education reform.

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direct primary

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A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people.

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National convention

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a convention held every four years by each of the major political parties to nominate a presidential candidate.

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National committee

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principal organization governing a political party's daily activity. Responsible for overseeing campaigning and political activity.

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Congressional Campaign Committee

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goal is to increase the number of a party's members in the House of Representatives.

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National Chairman

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presides over a party's National Committee.

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super-delegates

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delegates not chosen through primaries or caucuses, but are seated automatically, based on their status as current or former party leaders and elected officials. Most commonly Democrats.

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winner-take-all system

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see Plurality System

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Plurality System

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voting system in which the single winner is the person with the most votes. Often used to elect members of legislative assemblies.

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political machine

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a disciplined political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

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Tammany Hall

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the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably the Irish) rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s.

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patronage

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the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another. Political Patronage:use of state resources to reward individuals for their electoral support.

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caucus

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meeting of members of a political party or subgroup to coordinate members' actions, choose group policy, or nominate candidates for various offices.

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linkage institutions

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a structure within a society that connects the people to the government or centralized authority.

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"loyal opposition"

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non-governing parties oppose the actions of the sitting cabinet while maintaining loyalty to the source of the government's power. Idea formed during the rivalry between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton and the peaceful transfer of power when Jefferson won the presidential election.

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Realignment

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when a realigning election causes a dramatic change in the political system.Usually it means the coming to power of a new coalition, replacing an old dominant coalition of the other party

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First Party System

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Period between 1792 and 1824 when the Federalist party and the Democratic-Republican party competed for control of the presidency and Congress.