2Nd Test In Information Systems

Front 1

Hierarchy of Data

Back 1

Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases

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Entities

Back 2

Generalized class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, sotred, and maintained

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Attribute

Back 3

A characteristic of an entity; ex- employee #, last name

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Key

Back 4

A field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record

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Primary Key

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A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record; ex- Employee #

Front 6

Entity Relationship Diagrams

Back 6

Data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relatinoships between data

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Selecting

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Data manipulation that eliminates rows according to certain criteria

Front 8

Projecting

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Data manipulation that eliminates columns in a table

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Data Dictionary

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A detailed description of all te data used in the database

Front 10

Data Definition Languague (DDL)

Back 10

A collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and data relationships in a specific database

Front 11

Selecting a Database Management System

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Database size, Number of Concurrent Users, Performance, Integration, Features, The Vendor, Cost

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Data Warehouse

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A database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers

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Knowledge Management

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The process of capturing a company's collective expertise wherever it resides- in computers, on paper, in people's heads, and distributing it wherever it can help produce the biggest payoff

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Distributed Database

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A database in which the data may be spread across several smaller databases connected via telecommunications devices

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Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

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Standards that ensure that software can be used with any ODBC-compliant database

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Telecommunications Medium

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Anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device

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Data Communications

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A specialized subset of telecommunications that refers to the electronic collection, processing, and distribution of data- typically betwen computer system hardware devices

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Simplex Channel

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A communications channel that can transmit data in only one direction

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Half-Duplex Channel

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A communications channel that can transmit data in either direction, but not simultaneiously

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Full Duplex Channel

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A communications channel that permits data transmission in both directions at the same time; like two simplex lines

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Twisted-pair wire cable

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twisted paris of copper wire- shielded or unshielded; used for telephone service, widely available; transmission speed and distance limitations

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Microwave Transmission

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Sent through atmosphere and space; expensive devices; a high freq. radio signal through air; line of sight

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Cellular Transmission

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Area is divided into cells and transmitted to a receiver and integrated into the regular phone service;

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Coaxial Cable

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Inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation; cleaner and faster data transmission than twisted-pair wire; more expensive than twisted-pair

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Fiber-Optic Cable

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Many extremely thin; diameter of cable much smaller than coaxial; expensive to purchase and install

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Infrared Transmission

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Signals sent through air as light waves; Inexpensive installation and removal; must have unobstructed line of sight

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Modem

Back 27

A device that rranslates data from digital to analog and analog to digital

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Multiplexer

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A device that allows several telecommunications signals to be transmitted over a single communications medium at the same time

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Local Exchange Carrier (LEC)

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A public telephone compnay in the US that provides service to homes and businesses within its defined geographical area called its local access and transport area

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Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC)

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A company that is allowed to compete with the LECs, such as a wireless, satellite, or cable service provider

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Long-Distance Carrier

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A traditional long distance phone provider, such as AT&T

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Switched Line

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A communicatinos line that uses switching equipment to allow one transmission device to be connected to other transmission devices

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Dedicated Line

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A communications line that provides a constant connection between two points; no switching or dialing is needed, and the two devices are always connected

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Wide-Area Telephone Service (WATS)

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A fixed-rate long-distance telecommunicaionts service for heavy users of voice services such as cusomter support organizations

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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

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A telecommunications technology that delivers high-bandwidth information to homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone wires

Front 36

Network Topologies

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Computers and devices on the networks are called network nodes which can share data, information, and processing jobs; A logical model that describes how networks are structured or configured

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Local Area Network (LAN)

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A network that connects computer systems and devices within the same geographic area

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Metropolitan Area Network

Back 38

A telecommunications network that connects users and their computer within a geographical area larger than that covered by a LAN but smaller than the area covered by a WAN, such as a city or campus

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File Server

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An architecture in which the application and database reside on one host computer, called the file server

Front 40

Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI)

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A standard model for network architectures and is endorsed by the International Standards Committee; divideds data communications functions into seven distinct layers

Front 41

Names of OSI Layers

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Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical; APSTND

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Wireless Protocols

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Connect devices; Bluetooth, Wi-Fi

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Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

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An on-premise switching system owned or leased by a private enterprise that interconnects its telephones and provides access to the public telephone system

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Bridge

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A device used to connect two or more networks that use the same communications protocol

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Switch

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A telecommunications device that routes incoming data from any one of many ports to a specific output port that will take the data towrad its intended destination

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Router

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A device or software in a computer that determines the next nework point to which a data packet should be forwarded toward its destination

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Centralized Processing

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Processing alternative in which all processing occurs in a single location or facility

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Decentralized Processing

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Prociessing alternative in which processing devices are placed at various remote locations

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Distributed Processing

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Processing alternative in which computers are placed at remote locations but connected to each other via a network

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Telecommunicating

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A work arrangement whereby employees work away from the office using personal computers and networks to communicate via e-mail with other workers and to pick up and deliver results

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Videoconferencing

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A telecommunication system that combines video and phone call capabilities with data or document conferencing

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Beginning of Internet

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Started by DoD as an experiment and networking means to link DoD with military research contractors in 1969

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Internet Proctocol (IP)

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communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed

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Transmission control Protocol (TCP)

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Widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most internet applications

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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

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An assigned address on the internet for each computer

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Affiliation ID

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Com - bus. organizations; edu - educational sites; gov- gov. sites; net - networking organizations; org - organizations

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Internet Service Provider (ISP)

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Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the internet

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World Wide Web (WWW)

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A collection of tens of thousands of independently owned computers that work together as one in an internet service

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Hypermedia

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Tolls that connect the data on web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish

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Hyptertext Markup Language (HTML)

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The standard page description language for web pages

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Extensible Markup Language (XML)

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Markup language for Web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements; ex- <CHAPTER>Hardware

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Applet

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Small program embedded in web pages

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Web Browser

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Software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the web

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Search Engine

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A web search tool

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Meta-Search Engine

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A tool that submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns the results from all search engines queried

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Push Technology

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automatic transmission of information over the internet rather than making users serarch for it with their browsers

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E-Mail

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Improves efficiency of communications; enables you to sent text, binary files, sound, and images to others

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Chat Rooms

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Enables two or more people to have online text converstations in real time; interactive conversations over the internet

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Instant Messaging

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Allows two or more people to communicate instantly on the internet

Front 70

Telnet

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A terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the internet to gain access to public files

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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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A protocol that describes a file transfer process between a host an a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to another- more reliable than downloading

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Web Log (Blog)

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A website that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics

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Usenet

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A system closely allied witht he internet that uses email to provide a centralized new service; a protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers

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Newsgroups

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Online discussion groups that focus on specific topics

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Content Streaming

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A method for transferring multimedia files over the internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays without break

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Intranet

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An internal corporate network built using internet and WWW standards and products; used by employees to gain access to corporate information; closed

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Extranet

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A network based on web technologies that links selected resources of a company's intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners; extend intranet to business partners

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Virtual Private Network (VPN)

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A secure connection between two points across the internet

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Tunneling

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The process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the internet

Front 80

Cookie

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A text file that an internet compnay can place on the ahrd disk of a computer system to track user movements

Front 81

Cryptography

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The process of converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded message back to regular text

Front 82

Encryption

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The conversion of a message into a secret code

Front 83

Firewall

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A device that sits between an internal network and the internet, limiting access into and out of a network based on access policies

Front 84

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

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A form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with the organiztion, avioding any intermediaries

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Business-to-Business (B2B)

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A form of e-commerce in which the participants are organizations

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Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

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A form of e-commerce in which the participants are individuals, with the one serving as the buyer and the other as the seller

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Multistage Model

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1) Search and Identification; 2) Selection and Negotiation; 3)Purchasing; 4) Product and Service Delivery; 5) After-Sales Service

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Split-Case Distirbution

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A distribution system that requires cases of goods to be opened on the receiving dock and the individual items from the cases to be stored in the manufacturer's warehouse

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Electronic Retailing (E-Tailing)

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The direct sale from business to consumer through electronic store-fronts, typically designed around an electronic catalog and shopping cart model

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Electronic Exchange

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An electonic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and copetitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations

Front 91

Technology-Enabled Relationship Management

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The use of detailed information about a customer's behavior, preferences, needs, and buying patterns to set prices, negotiate terms, tailor promotions, add product features, and otherwise customize the entire relationship with that customer

Front 92

Phishing

Back 92

Bogus messages purportedly from a legitimate institution to pry personal information from customers by convincing them to go to a 'spoof' website

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Spam

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E-mail sent to a wide range of people and usenet gropus indiscriminately

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Common Traps

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Online Auction fraud; Pyramid Scheme- illegal; Investment Fraud; Stock Scams

Front 95

Electronic Bill Presentment

Back 95

A method of billing whereby the biller posts an image of your statement on the internet and alerts you by email that your bill has arrived