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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electromagnetic Spectrum (7) |
Radio & TV wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible Light, UV rays, X-Ray, Gamma Ray |
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Classifications of Radio & TV waves |
Long Wave, Medium Wave, VHF (Very High Frequency), UHF (Ultra High Frequency) |
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Long Wave |
1-2 km wavelength |
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Medium Wave |
100m wavelength; AM (Adaptive Modulation) Stations |
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VHF (Very High Frequency) |
88-108 MHz; FM (Frequency Modulation) Stations |
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UHF (Ultra High Frequency) |
TV, Walkie Talkies, Police Radio Communication, Aircraft Radio |
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Radio and TV waves disadvantages |
Cancer, Leukemia |
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Microwave |
300 MHz-300 GHz; 1mm-1m |
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Oven |
Microwave; Contains Magnetron; Metallic-reflects, Non-Metallic-Absorbs |
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Cellphone |
Microwave; Contains Transmitter Chip |
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Disadvantages of Microwave |
Cataract, Damaged Brain |
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Infrared Waves |
Thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature; Invisible to the naked eye |
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Night Vision |
Infrared Wave |
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Infrared Camera/Thermal scanner |
Infrared wave; the amount of infrared wave emitted by an object depends on its temperature |
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Sources of Infrared Waves (7) |
Sun, Oven Toaster, Burning Coal, Xenon art lamp, Stove, Flat Iron, Infrared Lamp (light bulb) |
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Infrared Lamp (Light bulb) |
Used in incubators (eggs & premature babies) |
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Xenon Art Lamp |
Projector |
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Disadvantages of Infrared Wave |
Eye and Skin damage |
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Visible Light |
Enables us to see the physical world; raw material for photosynthesis |
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Sources of Visible Light |
Sun, Light Bulb, Laser |
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LASER |
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
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Uses of Visible Light |
Military (marking targets), Industry (Laser Printer, Barcode Reader), Medicine (Removal of cataract, skin treatment) |
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Mass
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Amoung of matter; without gravity (kg)
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Weight
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force acting on a certain object due to gravity (N)
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Center of Gravity
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Point where the sum of weight of all the particles of an object is concentrated
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Center of Gravity of Regular Shapes
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Geometric Center
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Three states of equilibrium
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Stable, Unstable, Neutral
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Cannot be easily toppled down; center of gravity is located on the lowest point
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Stable
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Can be easily toppled down; center of gravity is located on the highest point
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Unstable
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Roll from one side to another; center of gravity is neither lowered nor raised
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Neutral
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Equilibrium
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state of balance
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Types of equilibrium
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Dynamic Equilibrium, Static Equilibrium
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Objects in motion (constant velocity)
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Dynamic Equilibrium
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Objects at rest; follows the first law of motion
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Static Equilibrium
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2 conditions of Static Equilibrium
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Concurrent Forces, Coplanar
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Forces whose lines of action meet at a common point
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Concurrent forces
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X&Y Component
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Coplanar
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Torque
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force that produces rotation; "rotational force"
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Types of Torque
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Clockwise, Counter Clockwise
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Lever arm
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Distance between pivot point and line of action of force/gravity
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Second condition of static equilibrium
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the torque produced by the force is equal to zero
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Bounce back of light when it hits a barrier |
Reflection |
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Types of Optical objects |
Luminous, Illuminated/Opaque, Transparent, Translucent |
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Light is a wave, like sound |
Wave Theory; Christian Huygens; First study of light
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Light is a particle called "Corpucles" |
Corpuscular Theory; Isaac Newton
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Light is an Electromagnetic Wave |
Electromagnetic Wave Theory; James Maxwell |
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Confirmed the theory of Maxwell |
Heinrich Hertz |
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Light is transmitted as a discrete quanta (packet of energy) or photon (packet of light) rather than waves |
Planck's Hypothesis/Quantum Hypothesis; Max Planck |
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A photon supplies the necessary energy to free the electrons from the surface of a material |
Photoelectric Effect; Albert Einstein |
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Light behaves as a wave and particle at the same time |
Dual Nature of Lught; Louis de Broglie |
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Cosmic Ray located at the Northern Hemisphere
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Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) |
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Cosmic Ray located at the Southern Hemisphere |
Aurora Australis (Southern Lights) |
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Device used in Optics |
Optical Instruments |
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Opening in the middle of Iris |
Pupil |
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Transparent Tissue; Admits light into the eye |
Cornea |
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Circular diaphragm; contains the pigment that determines eye color
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Iris |
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Light Sensitive; Composed of nerves and light receptors called Rods and Cones |
Retina |
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Ring muscle; allows the crystalline lens to change its form |
Ciliary Muscle |
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Nearly spherical chamber filled with jellylike substances |
Eyeball |
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Converging lens consisting of microscopic glassy fibers |
Crystalline lens |
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jellylike substance filling the eyeball |
Vitreous Humor |
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White outer covering of the eyeball; helps retain the shape of the eyeball; protects the eye |
Sclera |
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Relays the signal from the retina to the brain |
Optic Nerve |
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A person can see nearby objects clearly but not distant objects; causes the eyeball to become longer |
Nearsightedness/Myopia |
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A person is able to see distant objects clearly but not nearby objects; caused by short eyeballs |
Farsightedness/Hyperopia |
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Aberration due to irregularities in the curvature of the refracting surfaces |
Astigmatism |
