2Nd A&p & Science Review

Front 1

Describe the functions of the circulatory system.

Back 1

is an organ system that is mainly concerned with transportation of nutrients, gases, blood cells and hormones throughout the body, through a network of blood vessels

Front 2

Red blood cells (RBC) function in the circulatory to?

Back 2

carry nutrients and oxygen to the cells

Front 3

White blood cells (WBC) perform what action in the circulatory system?

Back 3

act as cleaners and start functioning whenever we are exposed to cold, infection or cut.

Front 4

The main components of circulatory are ?

Back 4

arteries and veins

Front 5

What are the different organs associated with circulatory system?

Back 5

It consists of heart, blood and blood vessels.

Front 6

The heart is divided into ?

Back 6

left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle and right ventricle.

Front 7

How does The Systemic Circulation function ?

Back 7

It is a loop which beings from the heart and is connected to the different parts of body. The systemic circulation works exactly opposite to pulmonary circulation.

Front 8

The Pulmonary Circulation function?

Back 8

like a loop which runs from heart to the lungs. In this portion, deoxygenated blood received by the heart is transported to the lungs and the oxygenated blood is returned back to the heart.

Front 9

What Is the Function of the Digestive System?

Back 9

The primary function of the digestive system is to break down the food we eat into smaller parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and provide energy.

Front 10

What is the function of the nervous system?

Back 10

voluntary and involuntary actions.

Front 11

nerve cells are called?

Back 11

neurons

Front 12

support cells associated with neurons are called ?

Back 12

Schwann cells

Front 13

what is the name is the main functional unit of the nervous system that helps a person react to a stimulus.

Back 13

the reflex arc

Front 14

What are the main functions of the Cerebral Cortex?

Back 14

Thought , voluntary movement , language, reasoning and perception

Front 15

The major functions of the cerebellum are ?

Back 15

maintenance of movement, balance and posture.

Front 16

The hypothalamus regulates ?

Back 16

the body temperatures, emotions and hunger, thirst and controls the circadian rhythms.

Front 17

Brain stem or Medulla oblongata perform what functions?

Back 17

is vital for life as it controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.

Front 18

Thalamus works by?

Back 18

by integrating sensory information and motor information

Front 19

The hippocampus is important for?

Back 19

learning and memory

Front 20

This part of the brain has sites controlling vision, hearing, eye movement and general body movement.

Back 20

Midbrain

Front 21

has 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Back 21

the Cerebrospinal nervous system

Front 22

What is the function of the Olfactory nerve –

Back 22

for smell

Front 23

What is the function of the Optic - nerve -

Back 23

sight

Front 24

What is the function of the Oculomotor nerve -

Back 24

Movement of the eyeball, lens, and pupils

Front 25

What is the function of the Trochlear nerve –

Back 25

Movement of the Superior oblique muscle of the eye

Front 26

What is the function of the rigeminal nerve -

Back 26

Innervates the eyes, cheeks and the jaw areas and controls chewing

Front 27

What is the function of the Abducens nerve -

Back 27

Moves the eye outward

Front 28

What is the function of the Facial nerve -

Back 28

- Controls muscles of the face, scalp, ears; controls salivary glands; receives taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Front 29

What is the function of the Acoustic nerve –

Back 29

Hearing and maintenance of balance

Front 30

What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve –

Back 30

Taste sensation from the back of the tongue and throat

Front 31

What is the function of the Vagus nerve –

Back 31

Innervates the chest and abdominal organs

Front 32

What is the function of the Spinal Accessory nerve -

Back 32

- movement of head and shoulders

Front 33

What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve -

Back 33

- Controls muscles of tongue

Front 34

The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with a ______ state. The pupils contract, energy is diverted for digestion of food, heart rate slows etc.

Back 34

relaxed

Front 35

The sympathetic nervous system is important during an emergency and is associated with _______&_________.The energy is directed away from digestion, there is dilation of pupils, increased heart rate, increased perspiration and salivation, increased breathing etc.

Back 35

fight or flight reaction”.

Front 36

The immune system is the body's -

Back 36

defense system.

Front 37

Anatomy is the study of -

Back 37

internal and external structures of
the body and the physical relationships among body parts for example
studying how a particular muscle attaches to the skeleton.

Front 38

___________, is the study of how organisms
perform their vital functions.

Back 38

physiology

Front 39

Immigration means -

Back 39

the movement of people to a country.

Front 40

emigration means -

Back 40

the movement of people.

Front 41

Biological classification, or scientific classification in biology, is -

Back 41

a method of scientific taxonomy used to group and categorize organisms into groups such as genus or species. These groups are known as taxa (singular: taxon).

Front 42

What are four functions of the cell membrane?

Back 42

1. Cell signalling between cells (eg. antigen presentation) and via binding of ligands (eg. chemical synapses).

2. Selective transport of substances into and out of the cell.

3. Adhesion of a cell to other cells and to the extracellular matrix.

4. Enclose the cytosol and prevent dispersion of organelles.

Front 43

What types of molecules make up the cell membrane?

Back 43

phospholipids and sterols

Front 44

What are some of the functions of the proteins?

Back 44

Some proteins are involved in structural support, while others are involved in bodily movement, or in defense against germs

Front 45

Antibodies

Back 45

are specialized proteins involved in defending the body from antigens

Front 46

Contractile Proteins

Back 46

are responsible for movement

Front 47

These proteins are involved in muscle contraction and movement.

Back 47

actin and myosin

Front 48

Enzymes

Back 48

are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions.

Front 49

Lactase -

Back 49

(enzyme) that breaks down the sugar lactose found in milk

Front 50

Pepsin is a

Back 50

digestive enzyme that works in the stomach to break down proteins in food.

Front 51

Hormonal Proteins -

Back 51

are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities.

Front 52

Insulin regulates -

Back 52

glucose metabolism by controlling the blood-sugar concentration.

Front 53

Oxytocin stimulates -

Back 53

contractions in females during childbirth.

Front 54

Somatotropin is a growth hormone that stimulates -

Back 54

protein production in muscle cells.

Front 55

Structural Proteins -

Back 55

are fibrous and stringy and provide support

Front 56

Storage Proteins -

Back 56

store amino acids

Front 57

Transport Proteins -

Back 57

are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.

Front 58

What are some of the functions of the lipids?

Back 58

Energy storage
Forming the membranes around our cells.
Hormones and vitamins

Front 59

T/F changes in DNA (mutations) occur spontaneously at low rates, and that only mutations in the germ cell can create the variation that changes an organism's offspring.

Back 59

true

Front 60

Describe how DNA and RNA are involved in cell replication -

Back 60

DNA carries the genetic information of a cell and consists of thousands of genes. When proteins are needed, the corresponding genes are transcribed into RNA

Front 61

T/F Heredity information is stored in genes -

Back 61

true

Front 62

Describe genotype -

Back 62

Genotype is what characteristics you carry on your genes, like your genotype might be that you carry both the alleles for blue eyes and for brown eyes.

Front 63

Describe phenotype -

Back 63

Your phenotype is what part of this is actually physically displayed. In this case you would have brown eyes, as the allele for brown eyes is dominant over that for blue eyes. Your phenotype would by brown eyes

Front 64

Identify the sun as the major external source of energy: Because practically every source of energy is derived from solar energy. The exceptions include; geothermal energy, nuclear energy, tidal energy, and some chemical reactions. But petroleum is stored sunlight, as is wood and plant fiber. Wind energy is derived from the heating of the atmosphere by the Sun, and hydroelectric energy is dependent upon evaporation of sea water by the Sun.

Back 64

True

Front 65

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.

Back 65

True