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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the type of bonding in which electrons are shared between atoms?
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covalent bonding
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What type of elements participate in covalent bonding?
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nonmetals
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What rule tells how bonding occurs between atoms?
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octet rule
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What particle is the most important in determining how bonding occurs?
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valence electrons
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How many valence electrons are in group 2A of the periodic table?
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2
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What is the type of bonding in which electrons are transferred between atoms?
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ionic bonding
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What type of elements participate in ionic bonding?
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metal and a nonmetal
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What is the term used for a negatively charged ion?
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anion
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What is the term used for a positively charged ion?
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cation
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What occurs when an anion is formed?
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nonmetals gain electrons to form a negatively charged ion
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What occurs when cations are formed?
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lose electrons to form a positively charged ion
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What is a group of atoms with a charge called?
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polyatomic ion
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What is the common ending for most polyatomic ions?
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-ite and -ate
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What is the formula for hydroxide?
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OH -
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What is the name of the compound Ca(OH)2
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calcium hydroxide
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What is the name of the compound Fe(OH)3?
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iron(III) hydroxide
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What elements form more than one common ion?
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transition metals and the elements of tin and lead.
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What does the roman numeral stand for in an ion name?
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charge on the cation
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What is the representative particle of an ionic substance?
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formula unit
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What is the representative particle of a covalent substance?
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molecule
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What types of elements compose molecules?
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all nonmetals
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What is the name of the type of bond in which electrons are shared equally?
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nonpolar covalent
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What type of bond is found between calcium and fluorine?
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ionic
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What type of bond is found in nitrogen trioxide?
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covalent
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What is the typical ionic charge for an atom of nitrogen?
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3-
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What are the seven diatomic molecules?
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Bromine, Iodine, nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine
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What is the term used to describe how an atom attracts electrons to itself in a bond?
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electronegativity
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What is the trend of electronegativity?
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Increases left to right across the P. Table AND decreases from top to bottom on the P. Table
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What family of elements do NOT have electronegativity values?
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noble gases
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What types of elements have the highest electronegativities?
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nonmetals
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What element has the highest electronegativity value?
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fluorine
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What is the term that describes the amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron of an atom?
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ionization energy
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What is the trend of ionization energy?
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Increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom of the P. Table.
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Which types of elements have high ionization energies?
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nonmetals
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What family has the highest ionization energies?
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noble gases
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What is the common ionic charge of an element in group 16 of the Periodic Table?
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-2
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What term refers to a charged atom?
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ion
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What type of molecule is water? (polar or nonpolar)
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polar molecule
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What is the common shape of a water molecule?
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bent
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What are the three intermolecular forces?
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dispersion,dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding
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What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?
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hydrogen bonding
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What types of substances have high melting and boiling points?
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ionic
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What types of substances are electrolytes when molten or dissolved?
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ionic
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What types of substances all have high solubilities(dissolve easily in water)?
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ionic
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What types of substances are most often gases and liquids at room temp.?
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covalent(molecular)
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What is the formula for potassium phosphide?
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K3P
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What is the molecular formula for phosphorus pentoxide?
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PO5
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What is incorrect with the following name: barium(II) nitrate
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barium does not need to be named with aroman numeral
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What is incorrect with the following name: strontium dioxide
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ionic compound, so you dont need the prefix
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What is incorrect with the following name: selenium bromide
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molecular, so it should be named with prefixes
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What type of compound will be formed from an element in group 16 with one from group 17?
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covalent(molecular)
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What type of particle has more protons than it does electrons?
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cation (positive ion)
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