2B. S3/b2 Pathology Si Malabsorption/nutrition

Front 1

What is Marasmus?

Back 1

1. Absence of calories
2. Starvation

Front 2

What is kwarshiorkor?(3)

Back 2

1. Eating plenty of carbs but no protien
2. No protein means no albumin, means osmotic pressure is reversed
3. Severe edema

Front 3

What is a goiter?

Back 3

1. Iodine deficiency

Front 4

What is xeropthalmia?

Back 4

1. Vit A makes sure keratin doesn't grow on the eye

Front 5

Conciousness in kwarshiorkor vs Marasmus

Back 5

1. Marasmus people are totally aware of their surroundings
2. Kwarshiorkor victims are in a daze because of the NH4 breakdown to glutamate

Front 6

HIV Progression(2) + stages

Back 6

1. CD4 cell apoptosis
2. Leaves no TNF or other TH1 products
Stage 1 - Flu lik symptoms
Stage 2 - Progressive lymphadenopathy
Stage 3 - AIDS

Front 7

Signs of Esophageal cancer

Back 7

1. String sign XR
2. Lost 10% body weight in short time

Front 8

Cachexia

Back 8

1. Loass of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and appetite

Front 9

Malabsorption syndromes caused by 3 main areas(3)

Back 9

1. SI Dz
2. Pancreatic Dz
3. BIliary tract Dz

Front 10

3 main problems in defective absorption

Back 10

1. No bile salts
2. No lipase
3. Lost mucous membrane

Front 11

Malabsorption syndrome(3), stops what from absorption,causes what symptoms and what vitamins involved?
EC what are the common names for the vitamins

Back 11

1. ADEK, B12, iron and folate
2. No fats = no ADEK
2, Steatorrhea, weight loss
3. A = carotene
4. D = calcium
5. K = clotting ability
6. Iron, folate and B12

Front 12

Keratomalcia(3)

Back 12

1. Decreased A
2. Metaplasia of the corneal cells(not cancerous)
3. Keratization of exposed cells

Front 13

Vit D enzymes come from where?(4)

Back 13

1. Sun gives Vit D
2. Liver gives 25-OHase
3. Kidney gives 1-OHase
4. All needed for Ca absorption in ileum

Front 14

Osteoporosis(3)

Back 14

1. Problem with protein formation, not mineralization
2. Type 1 collagen is not synthesized to repair the natural turnover
3. Bones become porous

Front 15

Osteomalcia(4) symptoms and causes, and EC what is elevated?

Back 15

1. No Mineralization of Type 1 collagen is laid
3. Bone is soft
4. Caused by decreased Vit D or malabsorption
5. Increased PTH and decreased serum Phosphate are found

Front 16

Actions of 1-25OH D(2)(activated Vit D), what absorption and what hormonal effects?

Back 16

1. Increase Ca and P absorption from DuoD and JJ
2. Decrease PTH
Extra credit; Excess is seen in sarcoidosis

Front 17

Vitamin D deficient at epiphyseal plate(4)

Back 17

1. No mineralization
2. Type 1(cartilage) still laid down
3. Overgrowth at costochondral junction
4. Bowed legs and pointy ribs

Front 18

Looser's Lines(2)

Back 18

1. Look like stress fractures
2. typical of Vit D deficiency

Front 19

Inflammatory Bowel Dz(2)decreases what vitamins and what structure?

Back 19

1. Decrease in ADEK
2. Decrease bone mass and density

Front 20

Brown tumor(3)

Back 20

1. Osteoclast Overactivity
2. Hyper PTH
3. Fibrous tissue, woven bone, vasculature, no matrix

Front 21

Pellegra(2)

Back 21

1. B3 deficient
2. 3D's = Diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia

Front 22

Thiamine Deficiency(B1)

Back 22

1. Neurodegeneration(Wernike-korsakoff)
2. High output CHF

Front 23

Celiac Dz General(2)

Back 23

1. Commonly misdiagnosed
2. Child form more severe

Front 24

Celiac Sprue(4)

Back 24

1. Antigliadin antibodies
2. Steatorrhea and blunting of intestinal villi
3. Malabsorption in JJ
Extra credit (Dermatitis herpatiformis and T-cell lymphoma associated)

Front 25

Homology of antibodies(3)

Back 25

1. The body makes one viral antibody
2. Structure of that viral antibody is similar to another benign structure
3. New antibody now recognizes that structure as foreign

Front 26

How to test for Celiac Dz(3) the 3 antibodies?

Back 26

1. IgA antigliadin
2. IgA antiendomysial
3. IgG transglutaminase

Front 27

Diagnose Celiac Dz(3)

Back 27

1. Check mucosal abnormalities
2. Check for antibodies
3. Antibodies must go away after one month of Gluten free diet

Front 28

Classic Pediatric Celiac Dz have characteristic symptoms at what age?(4)

Back 28

1. 2yrs
2. Abdominal Distension
3. Chronic diarrhea
4. Impaired growth

Chronic Pooping Combined with ab Distension in 2yr olds

Front 29

Classic Adult Celiac(4)

Back 29

1.Unexplainable Fe deficient, or macrocytic Anemia
2. Chronic Diarrhea
3. Dermatitis herpetiformis
4. Osteopenia

Front 30

Borborygmus

Back 30

1. Lots of gas

Front 31

Xylose test(2)

Back 31

1. Checks for malabsorption in the small intestine
2. Xylose should be absorped into the intestinal lumen blood and excreted in the urine

Front 32

Schilling absorption test(3), which vitamin and what is it testing for?

Back 32

1. Radioactive B12
2. Goes to the urine
3. No absorption means no Intrinsic factor(necessary for B12 absorption)

Front 33

CF mechanism(4)

Back 33

1. Delta F508 mutation of x7 CFTR
2. Cl excreted with sweat
3. Cl retained in duct cells, not secreted
4. Thick dry mucous obstructs ducts and airways

Front 34

Classic CF(5)

Back 34

1. Airway infection(pseudomonas) with decreased FEV1 ...like emphysema
2. Hepatobiliary Dz
3. Meconium Ileus at birth
4. Increased chloride in sweat
5. Obstructive azoospermia

Front 35

Whipple's Dz(4)

Back 35

1. Topheyma Whippeli
2. PAS + macrophages in intestine
3. Inflammation causes malabsorption
4. Arthralgia, Cardiac, and neurologic symptoms

Front 36

Mesenteric Vascular occlusion(2), presents with and caused by what?

Back 36

1. Extreme pain with minimal symptoms
2. Caused by emboli, acute

Front 37

Polyarteritis Nodosa(3)

Back 37

1. Necrotizing immune complex
2. Inflammation of medium sized arteries (renal and visceral)
4. Hepatitis B linkage

Front 38

Acute Pancreatitis(4 + test)

Back 38

1. Gall Stones or Alcohol
2. A binge will Increase Enzymatic output
3. Obstruction causes pressure build up and rupture
4. Enzymatic Fat necrosis and Shock
5. Test Serum Amylase

Front 39

Chronic Pancreatitis(3), causes, what the patients presents like, and symptoms?

Back 39

1. Chronic Alcohol or Calculi in ducts
3. stabbing pains
4. Hyperglycemia, Asciites(exudate), Anemia

Front 40

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis(4+test), who gets it, what do they look like, causes what and test for two things?

Back 40

1. Autoimmune in older women
2. No jaundice
3. Puritis(itchy skin)
4. Destruction of small bile ducts within liver, damages the tissue = cirrhosis
5. Test increased Alkaline phosphatase(bone Dz) and (GGT)

Front 41

Cholestasis

Back 41

No bile flow from the liver to the duodenum