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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries, ... can assess for urinary retention and prevent acute bladder distension and damage
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urinary catheter placement
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... is acomplication of neuropathy and repeated joint trauma; affects weight bearing joints and manifests with functional limitation, and degenerative joint disease and loose bodies on joint imaging
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neurogenic arthropathy (Charcot joint)
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... has been shown to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with measles
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Vit A
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Leukopenia nd thrombocytopenia can be seen with ... infection
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measles
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.... is grequently associated with other psychotic illnesses,including agoraphobia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. It is also linked to a higher rate of suicide attempts or suicidal ideations
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panic disorder
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... involves recurrent and unexpected panic attacks; a panic attack involves a rush of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes accompanied >=4 cognitive or physical symptoms
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panic disorder
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immediate trt of panic disorder
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benxodiazepines
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long-term trt for panic disorder
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SSRI; SNRI; cognitive behavioral trt
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women should generally be advised to avoid live vaccines immediately before and during ...
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pregnancy
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aare HPV, MMR. Varicella, Smallpox, live attenuated intranasal influenza vacine recomended during pregnancy?
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no
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a tea and toast type of diet is associated with .... deficiency
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folic acid
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... is typically found in foods like fresh green leafy vegetables and liver
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folate
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strict vegeterians may become dificient in vit ...
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B12
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perifollicular hemorrhage, swollen gums, and poorwound healing
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scurvy (vit C deficiency)
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vit ... deficiency can cause RBC fragility, hyporeflexia, muscle weakness and blindness
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E
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trt for WPW associated atrial fibrilation with rapid ventricular rate
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cardioversion/procainamide(1A AA)
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... is the earliest renal abnormality seen in diabetic nephropathy
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glomerular hyperfiltration
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major pathophysiologic mechanism of glomerular injury in patients with diabetes
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glomerular hyperinflation
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.... is the first change that can be quantitated in diabetic patients
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thickening of the glomerular basement membrane
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.... presents early on with hepatosplenomegaly, cutaneous lesions, jaundice, anemia, and rhinorrhea; metaphyseal dystrophy and periostitis may be seen on radiography
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congenital syphilis
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the initial screening for syphilis
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nontreponemal test: venereal disease research lab(VDRL) test, rapid plasma reagin test(RPR), enzyme immunoassay test(EIA)
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confirmatory tests for syphilis
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fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbtion(FTA-ABS) test; treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay(TPPA)
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trt for syphilis
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IM penicillin G
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major cinical findings of .... include hepatosplenomegaly, hydrocephalus, shorioretinitis, and intracranial calcifications
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congenital toxoplasmosis
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... presents with sonsorineural hearing loss, cataracts, heart defects, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, and thrombocytic purpura
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congenital rubella
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.... is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae or purpura, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, sensorineural hearing loss and periventricular calcifications
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ongenital CMV
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every case of leukocoria is considered a ..., until proven otherwise;
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retinoblastoma
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most common intraocular tumor of childhood
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retinblastoma
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underlying pathology of ... involves inactivation of the Rb supressor gene, which may be familial or sporadic
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retinoblastoma
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initial trt for strabismusin children
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covering the normaleye
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AR condition characterized by an excessive number of trinucleotide repeat sequneces, resulting in an abnormality of a tocopherol transfer potein
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friedreich ataxia
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differential for .... on EKG: MI, myocarditis, old pericarditis, myocardial contusion and digoxin tox
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t-wave inversion
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ability to copy a triangle develops after the age of ...
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5 years
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ability to copy a cross or circle develops after the age of ...
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3 years
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ability to copy a diamond develops after the age of ...
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6 years
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ability to copy a square or rectangle develops after the age of ...
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4 years
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the presence of succussion splash can indicate ...
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gastric outlet obstruction
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.. is a clinical syndrome of hemolytic anemia, thrombosytopenia, and acue ranl failure
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hemolytic-uremic syndrome
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.... is most often caused by Shiga-toin-mediated endothelial cell damge, after infection with E. coli O157:H7or Shigella
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hemolytic-uremic syndrome
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... characterized by low to noraml IQ with learning disabilities, generalized language disability, sort attention span, autism, large head, prominent jaw, large low set ears and mocroorchdism
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fragile X syndrome
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... results from a full mutation in the FMR1 gene caused by an increased number of CGG trinucleotide repeats accompanied by aberrant methylation of the FMR1 gene
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fragile X syndrome
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... is characterized by mild to moderate mental retardation, hypo-plastic mailla, long philtrum and microcephaly
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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the typical patient with ... is a male infant with recurrent pneumonia and otitis media after 6 to 9 months of age; level of all the serum Igs and circulating B-cells are decreased
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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... characterized by a defect in tyrosine kinase in B cells
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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the typical patient with .... is a neonate with hypocalciemic seizures
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DiGeorge syndrome
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defect in the development of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches; leading to hypoplastic or aplastic thymus and aprathyroid glands
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DiGeorge syndrome
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the greatest risk factor for future suicide attempts is a past history of ...
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suicide attempts
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... is a glutamate inhibitor that is currently approved for use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Riluzole
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... cholinesterase inhibitor that is used to improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's d.
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Donepezil
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hard and radioopaque kidney stones; hexagonal crystals
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cystinuria
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qualitive screening test for cystinuria
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urinary cyanide nitroprusside test
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most common leukemia in children
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ALL
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>25% lymphoblasts on bone marrow biopsy
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ALL
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incresed beta-hCG and inhibin A and decreased maternal serum alpha-detoprotein and estriol us suggestive of ...
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Down syndrome
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normal inhibinA level and low MSAFP, estriol, and beta-hCG
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trisomy 18
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elevated MSAFP; normal beta-hCG, estriol, inhibin A
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open neural tube defects; abdominal wall defects
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peritoneum-covered sac at the umbilicus
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omphalocele
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paraumbilical evsceration with no covering membrane
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gastroschisis
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decreased strength and diminished pain and temperature sensation affecting the arms/hands or having a cape-like disribution, with preservation of dorsal column function(light touch, vibration, position sense)
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syringomyelia
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painful knee; age>50; bony enlargement; bony tenderness; lack of warmth/morning stifness
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osteoarthritis
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hypertension; impaired fasting glucose; dyslipidemia
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metabolic syndrome
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... is recomended in patients with acute ischemic stroke if it can be initiated within 3-4.5 hous of symptom onset
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IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(alteplase)
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... has been shown to improve outcome in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage
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nimodipine
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.... and ... are the recomended trt options for stress incontinence
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pelvic muscle exercises; urethropexy
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loss of small amounts of urine with increased intra-abdominal pressure, as occurs with laughin, coughing, or sneezing
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stress incontinence
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trt of urge incontinence
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oxybutynin
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detrusor hyperactivity; sudden urge to urinate that may ocur at any time
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urge incontinence
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... and ... are used in the management of overflow incontinence
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bethanechol and alpa-blockers
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subcutaneous neurofibromas; hyperpigmented cafe-au-lait spots;deafness; bilateral acoustic neuromas
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neurofibromatosis tpe 2
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loop diuretics can cause reversible or permanent ....
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hearing loss
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epigastric pain and + Murphy's sign
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acute cholecystitis
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pain with palpation of the gallbladder fossa beneath the liver edge during inspiration
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Murphy's sign
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erythematous eruption that rapidly evolves into exfoliation of the skin; involves less than 10% of the body area
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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erythematous eruption that rapidly evolves into exfoliation of the skin; involves more than 30% of the body area
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toxic epidermal necrolisis
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warm and tender skin with a sandpaper-loke, diffuse erythematous rash; bullae; pos. Nikolsky's sign; facial edema; perioral crustng; dehydration
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staph. scaled skin syndrome
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.... overdose leads to drwosiness, confusion, dry mouth, dilated pupils, blurred vision, reduced bowel sounds, urinary retention
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diphenhydramine
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trt for salicylate intoxication
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sodium bicarbonate (alkalinization of the urine)
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... branch of .... nerve controls corneal sensation
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ophtalmic branch of trigeminal n.
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... responsible for taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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facial nerve
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abrupt cessation of .... is associated with significant withdrawal symptoms such as generalized seizures and confusion
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alprazolam
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... is an anticonvulsant used in trt of bipolar disroder
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lamotrigine
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quetiapine -?
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atypical antipsychotic
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HLA-B27 associated spondylarthropathy
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ankylosing spondylitis
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trt and prophylaxis of AA amyloidosis
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colchicine
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flank pain; renal failure; hypertension; large palpable kidneys
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polycystic kidney syndrome
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elevated jugular venous pressure; right ventricular 3rd heart sound; tricuspid regurgitation murmur; hepatomegaly with pulsatile liver; lower-extremity edema, ascites, pleural effusions
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RV failure
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p-ANCA(+); bloody diarrhea; lower abdominal pain; tenesmus; erythema nodosum; pyoderma gangrenisum; episcleritis; arthritis' cholangitis
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ulcerative colitis
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chronic malabsorptive diarrhea; weight loss; migratory non-deforming arthritis; lymphadenopathy; low-grade fever
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whipple disease
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anti-endomysial and anti-translutaminase antibodies; dermatitis herpetiformis
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celiac disease; celiac sprue
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anovulation/oligo-ovulation;androgen excess; ovarian cysts
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PCOS
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fllowing ovulation, ... is produced in increased amount by the cirpus luteum
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progesterone
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muddy brown granular casts -?
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acute tubular necrosis
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RBC casts -?
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glomerulonephritis
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WBC casts -?
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interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis
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fatty casts-?
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nephrotic syndrome
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broad and waxy casts-?
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chronic renal failure
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