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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two things that NMBAs don't provide to the patient
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- Anesthesia
- Analgesia |
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What support does a patient on NMBAs need?
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Ventillation
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Never give an NMBA to an unconscious patient and don’t wake up a paralyzed patient.
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Never give an NMBA to an unconscious patient and don’t wake up a paralyzed patient.
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What is the only depolarizing NMBA used?
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Succinylcholine
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What is succinylcholine metabolized by?
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Pseudocholinesterase
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Which NMBA has a short onset and duration?
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Succinylcholine
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Two NMBAs metabolized by Hoffman elimination
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- Atracurium
- Cisatracurium |
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Three NMBAs with an intermediate effect
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- Atracurium
- Vecuronium - Rocuronium |
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Adverse effect of atracurium administration
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Histamine release
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Where is vecuronium metabolized?
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Liver
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Where is pancuronium metabolized?
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Kidney
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What NMBA is very long lasting?
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Doxacurium
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What is the NMBA agent of choice for infusion in the ICU at TAMU?
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Cisatracurium
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What method is used to evaluate the NMJ?
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Train of Four
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Two nerves to stimulate during Train of Four evaluation on dogs
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- Superficial Peroneal n.
- Ulnar n. |
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Two nerves to stimulate during Train of Four evaluation on horses
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- Facial n.
- Peroneal n. |
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What train of four response is suitable for most surgeries?
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1 - 2 twitches
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What train of four response indicates a profound block?
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Loss of all 4 twitches
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Three reversal agents for NMBAs
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- Edrophonium
- Neostigmine - Pyridostigmine |
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How do NMBA reversal agents work?
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Bind to acetylcholinesterase
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What two NMBA reversal agents require an anticholinergic to be administered prior to their usage?
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- Neostigmine
- Pyridostigmine |
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MoA of NMBA reversal agents
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Binds to Acetylcholinesterase
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Reason to give an anticholinergic before administering Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine
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Prevents bradycardia (and thus cardiac arrest)
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Which NMBA reversal agent may be the 'holy grail of reversal agents'?
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Sugammadex
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Three NMBAs that sugammadexworks on and in what order of affinity
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Rocuronium > vecuronium >> pancuronium
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4 classes of drugs that NMBAs react with
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- Volatile anesthetics
- Antibiotics - Local anesthetics - Benzodiazepines |
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Two classes of antibiotics that NMBAs react with
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- Aminoglycosides
- Polymixins |
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Three classes of preload reducers
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- Diuretics ***
- ACE inhibitors - Nitroglycerine paste |
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What's the most effective diuretic?
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Furosemide
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Three positive inotropes
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- Digoxin
- Pemobendan - Dobutamine |
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4 negative inotropes
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- Hydralazine
- Diltiazem - Amlodipine - Carvedilol |
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Review CV pharmacology flashcards
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Review CV pharmacology flashcards
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Two MoAs of negative inotropic agents
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- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers |
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What inotropic agent is given IV?
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Dobutamine
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What inotropic agent is given PO?
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Pimobendan
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MoA of Pimobendan
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Phosphodiesterase III inhibition
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What two positive inotropes act through increasing IC Ca++?
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- Dobutamine
- Digoxin |
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2 afterload reducing agents
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- Amlodipine ***
- Hydralazine ** |
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MoA of Amlodipine
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Ca++ channel blocker
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How can pimobendan reduce afterload?
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Vasodilation
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Two medications that can block the RAAS
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- ACE inhibitors
- Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) |
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How is SNS stimulation counterproductive in heart failure? (2)
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- B mediated tachycardia
- a mediated vasoconstriction |
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Review antiarrythmics
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Review antiarrythmics
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Two positive chronotropes
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- Atropine
- Glycopyrrolate |
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Two negative chronotrope classes
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- Beta blockers (carvedilol, propranolol, timolol)
- Ca++ channel blockers (hydralazine, diltiazem, amlodipine) |
