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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agustin de Iturbide |
Creole Army officer: appointed army to Hunt Guerrero and his rebel force, Negotiation and agree to declare independence, come up with plan of Iguala: declares himself King when they can't get one, overthrown and executed |
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Antonio de Ulloa |
Led Scientific expeditions to Peru What kind of plants and animals are there that are valuable, prove earth curvature
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asiento |
Part of the Treaty of Metheun sell African slaves to colonies Brits get to sell in Carribean (pry into Spanish market) Gibraltar |
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Battle of Ayacucho |
General Antonio Sucre Helps liberate Peru: Culminating event for Peruvian Independence. Keep moving to Characas>Casa de la libertad: Sign declaration of Independence Casa de la Libertad Change name of city to Sucre |
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Battle of Chacabuco |
February 1818; Chile defeats royalists |
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Battle of Huaqui |
Upper Peru vs. Argentina; porteno forces routed by Peruvians Argentina driven out of Peru Lima defending Peru Don't want to join independence movement, relied on Spain still, loyalties still to crown |
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Battle of Monte de las Cruces |
Hidalgos troops (80,000) meet Spanish troops (2-4,000) outside of Mexico City: Defeats royalists; Bloody but pathway into city opens up. Never go in |
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Bernardino Rivadavia |
First President over Argentine liberals Push for Independence |
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Beranardo O'Higgins |
Viceroy of Peru becomes figure of moderate independence, 1814 royalists had upper hand (because Creoles are alienated) Helps San Martin set up plan in Chile and moves northward for support and conquering. |
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Charles III |
Comes to throne in 1763 after 7 years war (best of the Bourbon Rulers) Phase 2 of Bourbon Reforms (most intense) Wants to get even with Brits; leaves Italy to rule Spain, brings Italian advisors: wants to make it more profitable Liberalizes commercial trade, no more fleet system; sends Jose de Galvez to Mexico Flees from Madrid because of revolt |
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Charles IV |
King of Spain during Napoleon's rule Doesn't do much (hunting and play with clocks) as King but has Godoy as chief minister who runs his country for him. |
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Company of Para and Grao Maranhao |
Jesuits controlled commerce and Indians; blamed them for resistance to Treaty of Limits; Favor national merchants against foreigners created Junta do Comercio Promote import Substitution in Brazil. |
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Continental System |
Berlin Decree: Issued by Napoleon in 1806 No one trades with G.B. Portugal in Agreement with G.B. already, decides to go against French |
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Cortes |
Constituent Cortes: invites colonial reperesentatives to meet in Church and write up a constitution Super liberal: free trade, social equality, etc. While King is out and held prisoner in France |
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Dom Joao VI |
rules Brazil on behalf of his mother, married ugly woman, didn't like each other, set up Commercial Treaty in 1810: abolish slave trade, created first bank, naval academy, college of medicine, royal library, botanical gardens, coffee, oriented tea, iron industry, textiles, raised Brazil to legal equality to Portugal, Goes back to Portugal and leaves his son Jose I there to rule |
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Dom Jose I |
Emperor of Portugal |
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Dom Pedro I |
Father gives him Brazil to reign as regent, has advisor to help him navigate power in Brazil, resists revolts for a while with helps of Portugal troops, "Fico!" I stay, I remain, for the good of this country I stay; No decree from Portugal has any effect until his approval; Grito de Ipiranga: The hour has come, Independence or death! Crowned as emperor of Brazil |
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Exquelemin |
Dutch Captured by Pirates becomes a pirate |
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Ferdinand VII |
Son of Charles IV, jealous of Godoy Worst King of Spain Wants crown, Dad gives it to him, he gives it back when threatened by Napoleon 1804 Ferdinand comes back to Spain and he has become totalitarian Conspires to overthrow Father>Ferdinand arrested>Riot breaks out to free Ferdinand and kill Godoy |
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Francisco de Miranda |
Leader in Caracas (trade center); already attempted to separate in 1750; fights for French; gets thrown in Prison by French realizes should free own country first, appeals to British; gets army and ships, lands in Venezuela and no one joins. FAIL. |
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Grito de Dolores |
Moves Mexican Independence Hidalgo goes to church (in Dolores) and preaches Independence: Rally to this call: Political Independence; Make Hidalgo the leader; forms a mob, armed with anything, march to Guanajuato granary. |
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Inconfidencia Mineira |
French Revolution: object: Secure Brazilian Independence and create a republic. Rebellion: Anti-colonial, nationalist; Led by Jose da Silva Xavier (Tiradentes) "Liberty Though Late" Forgive minging debts, establish university, no printing press (prevent problems) FAILS: Royal governor finds out and arrests them |
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Intendent System |
Under Bourbon Reforms (Galvez) Intendant sent out to Replace corregidores, not paid position (less corruption) Combine provinces (creating megapower) to be controlled together Subdelegates: Assistants to Intendants: collect Indian tribute: 4% of collections Give crown better control over colonies |
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Jamaica Letter |
Bolivar retreats to Jamaica, writes Political Philosophy Republican Government: Centralized, executive needs to be elected bu serve for life, He needs to be Powerful All in Bolivia>Constitution and implements these Ideas Concerned for Checks and balances |
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Jesuit Reduction in Paraguay |
Kicking out the Jesuits, send them to Italy |
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Jorge Juan |
Writes Noticias Secretas ith Ulloa The corruption and abuse in Americas |
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Jose Antonio de Areche |
Sent during Atahualpa's rebellion as a visitador general Tries to clamp down on corruption in 1770s arrogant, intolerant to opposition in conflict with Viceroy: Power Trip vs. Guioror (v.r.) Battle Reforms: Spaniards are divided: Power vacuum>> Rebel Break Out |
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Jose Antonio Paez |
Leader of llaneros; Llaners: problems for Revolution: They don't wantt o be ruled by Caraas, they prefer to submit to Royalists as Long as they oppose revolution, Bolivar can't achieve it, He finally persuades Paez to join the Revoution |
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Jose de Abascal |
VR of Peru: ineffective use Peru military to fend off Argentines to assure Spanish rule over Peru |
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Jose de Galvez |
Sent by Charles II to Mexico as the head of the visita general; 1765-1771 Galvez = secretary of the indies and President of the Council of the Indies (oversees Intendant system--oversees laws in Mexico) Determined to carry out reforms: Discriminates against creoles Because of Revolts Charles III kicks him out or position (gets blamed for Rebellion in Andes) |
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Jose de San Martin |
Given army to take to Upper Peru but goes to Chile instead; Moves from Bolivia to Chile Declared Peruvian Independence in 1821; abolished Indian Tribute, Indians no longer "Indios">> Now "Peruvians">>Support for Independence, |
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Jose de Sucre |
Corregidor who assumed the Kuraka power from Tomas Catari Used public lands to grow things for personal gains; Catari hates this Sucre goes to Caracas and appeals to Audiencia (pays off judges to get out of order to stop) VR in BA gives the lands back to the Kuraka |
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Jose Fernando Abascal |
Ably defended by Viceroy in Peru |
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Jose Gervasio Artigas |
Uruguay Resistance/Independence leader Montevideo conquered under his leadership, doesn't want to be ruled by anyone else (Argentina and Brazil) They're stuck between both of them |
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Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon |
Student of HIdalgo not charismatic but caused trouble, later captured |
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Jose Miguel Carrera |
Leader in Chile; Junta created and Spanish officials expelled. Social Radical; begins alientating people (the creoles) turns against the Independence later and fights against O'Higgins |
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Joseph Bonaparte |
Napoleon's brother that takes the crown of Spain and rules in stead of Charles and Ferdinand Resurrects Bull fighting in Madrid Maintains crown by having Napoleon's Armies defending the city "Pepe Botelles" |
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Juan Jose Castelli |
Argentine Leader for Upper Peru invasion, They need security; Leads in Battle of Huaqui; Argentina driven out o Peru |
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Juan Santos Atahualpa |
Legitimize himself to be related to Atahualpa (the chief) Leads rebellion into Amazon Basin Until Death Spanish Fighting, Lima ignites with Rebellion; Spain wanting more control: Higher Taxes more tribute from Creoles, Sends Areche to try to control the rebellion. |
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Manuel de Godoy |
Unpopular, except by King Charles and Queen named Chief minister: running government, enters into negotiation with Napoleon: gives permission to march across Spain to attack Portugal; Napoleon agrees to give South third of Portugal King names him "Prince of the Peace">People either think this is sacriligeous or name prince and he's trying to replace his own son. |
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Mariano Moreno |
Child of Enlightenment: wants Independence of Argentina; Cabildo Abierto: Liberals fill building (leaving no room for traditionalists), create junta>Independence from here out, No one else wants to join in>>Problems for security |
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Marquis of Pombal |
1st minister of Dom Jose I Authoritarian, strenghthen Portugues Monarchy, modernize Portugal, Undermines treaty of Metheun; Policies: modernize by economic nationalism: create powerful national commercial Bourgeoisie (incrs. Manufacturing) Collect Royal 5th: less smuggling = goal Liberate indians: Be freed from missions>Conflict with church |
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Miguel Hidalgo |
Priest in Dolores, raises mob, Conspirator, has to start revolt early because VR sends troops to quiet down revolt so next day goes to church and rallies the troops (Grito de Dolores) Go to Guanajuato, attack the granary, frees slaves to gain support and form giant army move towards Mexico City and beat troops, never enter city; (Cruces) later is caught and executed, Head in cage |
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Minas Gerais |
Revolted in 1789 Precursor to Independence of Brazil |
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Navios de Registro |
Commercial Reforms under French rule 1720 BA allowed trade directly (Navios de Registro) to French during war 1739: end of fleet system: British fleets occupy ports, others can't get in |
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Noticias secretas |
Secret Report: All corruption, abuse, repartos, made recommendations for crown to do to people in Americas During Scientific Expeditions by Ulloa and Jorge Juan |
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Philip V |
V: grandson of Louis XIV of France Bourbon Dynasty King Louis made it possible for him to be King Fought in war of Spanish succession |
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Plan of Iguala |
By Iturbide and Guerrero 1. Constitutional Monarchy 2. Roman Catholicism Protected 3. Peninsulars and Creoles Socially and Politically Equal (nothing below them changes) |
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Proclamation of Comercio Libre |
Free trade with in empire-all Spanish ports (Except Mexico) trade with colonies (1778) Mexico added 10 years later because it's so valuable to spain |
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Santiago liniers |
French: Drives British out of BA and become hero, British want BA attack it, Spain can't do anything--Argentines drive British out. French overthrew Spain so they get rid of all the French--execute Liniers Led royalist forces, captured and shot |
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Simon Bolivar, early life |
LIeutenant: battalion of White Volunteers at age 15, son of wealthy Creole family, orphaned, raised by uncle, tutor in tune with enlightenment, Bolivar doesn't like studying, to finish education goes to Europe and meets Napoleon, finds woman in Madrid, tours Europe, comes back to marry her, brings her back to Venezuela and she dies of yellow fever>Devotes rest of his life to liberate Venezuela from Spain |
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Simon Bolivar, Revolution |
Persuades Paez to join Revolution, He doesn't want a monarchy--Idealist: Republican Government, wants to free slaves, determined ot get everyone in on it, Fights in Guayaquil |
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Sub-Delegate |
As Intendents come in to replace the corregidores, the sub-delegates are placed under the Intendents to help enforce the Reforms (corregidores under Sub-Delegates) |
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three Guarantees |
Plan of Iguala 1. Constitutional Monarchy 2. Roman Catholicism is Protected 3. Peninsulars and Creoles Are to be Socially and Politically Equal
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Tiradentes |
Leader in Inconfidence Mineira in 1789 Independence in Brazil Cut into 4 pieces |
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Tomas Catari |
Legitimate Kuraka: trying to defend rights of the Mita workers in Potosi from Chayantg Need food to live there, but corregidor (Sucre) is taking all the food. Complains to Characas and then to BA to talk to the Viceroy. Viceroy takes his side and gets Sucre to stop Gets all the land back and his power as Kuraka |
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Treaty of Madrid |
aka Treaty of Limits Transfers 7 Jesuit Missions of Spain to control of Brazil and Spain gets Sacramento 1750: Readjusted boundaries in Brazil: Jesuits don't want to give up their missions. Spain got Colonia de Sacramento Charles decides to get rid of all the Jesuits (ships them off the Italy) "The Mission" (film) |
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Treaty of Methuen |
1707 Great Britain trades manufactured goods to colonies for Portugal's wine |
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Treaty of Utrecht |
Ends Spanish Succession 1. made Philip King, can't be same king of France and Spain 2. British get priveleges: Asiento; get to sell 1 ship load of goods to colonies and keep Gibraltar |
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Tupac Amaru II |
Real name: Jose Gabriel Condorcanquin Kurakas in Tinta joins protetst of colonial system: goes to Lima Wants Nobility title: Argue: not part of the Potosi Mita system b/c in other Province (doesn't get out of Mita or get title) Meets with Creoles: RESISTANCE: arrested for corruption and abuse, raises army, offers freedom to slaves, gathers creoles and mestizos, march to Cuzco, takes on name; torn apart by horses |
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Tupac Catari |
Julian Apaza: Rebel leader in La Paz Aymara Indian |
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Vicente Guerrero |
Follower of HIdalgo, Leader in Revolts Writes Plan of Iguala with Agustin de Iturbide Killed |
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Viceroyalty of La Plata |
1776 Capital BA Over mining in Potosi, lets ayullu out of it's ruling |
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Viceroyalty of New Granada |
1717 and 1739: so much smuggling viceroys in Peru and Mexico can't do anything about it: short lived positions until recreated in 1739 |
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War of Spanish Succession |
Charles II dies without heir: Who replaces him? Archduke Carl vs. Philip of Anjou Philip of Anjou chosen by Charles II Louis XIV (French) likes Philip (France + Spain = World power... other countries don't like this) |
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Francisco Atuhualpa |
Rebellion in E. Lima, Threatens Lima, Spanish struggle to put it down Run into Amazon Forest |
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Great Andean Rebellion |
Tupac Amaru II Tupac Catari Tomas Catari all their rebellions as one movement |
