2.5--Social Psych--Definitions From The Book From The Last Few Ch's

Front 1

what is: feelings of intimacy and affection we have for someone that are not accompanied by passion or physiological arousal

Back 1

companionate love

Front 2

what is: an intense longing for another person, characterized by the experience of physiological arousal

Back 2

passionate love

Front 3

what drug does falling in love release in the brain? what brain system is this drug involved with?

Back 3

dopamine; the pleasure, reward, and motivation centers

Front 4

what is: what you expect the outcome of your relationship to be in terms of costs and rewards

Back 4

comparison level

Front 5

what is: your perception of the likelihood that you could replace your relationship with a better one

Back 5

comparison level alternatives

Front 6

what is: the idea that people's commitment to a relationship depends not only on their satisfaction with the relationship, but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that would be lost by ending it... and then later another factor influencing whether or not people stay is comparison level alternatives/comparison level

Back 6

investment model

Front 7

what is: the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal

Back 7

equity theory

Front 8

in equity theory, is the give-and-take score-keeping more rigid for the short-term relationships or the long-term relationships?

Back 8

short-term

Front 9

what is: relationships governed by the need for equity (ie, an equal ratio of costs and rewards); typically occurs between new acquaintances

Back 9

exchange relationships

Front 10

what is: relationships in which people's primary concern is being responsive to the other person's needs; also, are these people very concerned about tit for tat score-keeping?

Back 10

communal relationships; not too concerned about score-keeping because they figure it will all even out in the long-run

Front 11

according to Duck's research, what are the four steps in dissolving close relationships?

Back 11

1-- intrapersonal phase (thinking about dissatisfaction with the relationship)

2-- dyadic phase (discuss the relationship with the partner)

3-- social phase (announce the breakup to other people)

4-- intrapersonal phase (the individual recovers from the relationship and forms an internal account of how and why it happened)

Front 12

which sex ends relationships more often than the other?

Back 12

neitherrrrr!

Front 13

what is the single most powerful predictor of people's breakup experiences?

Back 13

the role played in the breakup (breaker or breakee)

Front 14

which sex is more likely to want to remain friends after a breakup?

Back 14

women

Front 15

the breaker or the breakee tends to want to remain friends more after a breakup/

Back 15

breakee

Front 16

what does social exchange theory argue with regards to altruism?

Back 16

that it doesn't exist!

Front 17

what is: putting ourselves in the shoes and perspective of another

Back 17

empathy

Front 18

what is: the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations

Back 18

altruistic personality

Front 19

what is: the group with which a group identifies as a member

Back 19

in-group

Front 20

what is: any group with which an individual does not identify

Back 20

out-group

Front 21

are people more likely to help you if they're in your in-group or part of an out-group?

Back 21

in-group

Front 22

are people more likely to help if they're feeling happy, sad, or neutral?

Back 22

more likely to help if they're feeling happy or sad (not neutral)

Front 23

what is: the idea that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves (don't help) so as to avoid being overwhelmed by it

Back 23

urban overload hypothesis

Front 24

what is: the finding that the greater the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help

Back 24

the bystander effect

Front 25

what are the five steps to helping in an emergency as laid out by Latane and Darley's Bystander Intervention Decision Tree?

Back 25

1- notice the event

2- interpret the event as an emergency

3- assume responsibility

4- know appropriate form of assistance

5- implement decision

Front 26

what is: the case in which people think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not

Back 26

pluralistic ignorance

Front 27

what is: the phenomenon wherein each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases

Back 27

diffusion of responsibility

Front 28

how do playing prosocial video games and listening to prosocial music make you more likely to help people?

Back 28

1- increases empathy

2- increases accessibility of prosocial thoughts

Front 29

what is: when you give people strong external reasons for performing an activity, actually undermining their intrinsic interest in that activity?

Back 29

overjustification effect

Front 30

what is: aggression stemming form feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury

Back 30

hostile aggression

Front 31

what is: aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain

Back 31

instrumental aggression

Front 32

what kind of aggression are women more likely to commit than men?

Back 32

relational aggression

Front 33

what is: the theory that people learn social behavior (eg, aggression and altruism) in large part through observation and imitation of models and by cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs

Back 33

social-cognitive learning theory

Front 34

does being in pain (eg, hand submerged in very cold water) make you more likely to act aggressively?

Back 34

yep

Front 35

is drunken behavior more correlated with how much people actually drank or how much they believed themselves to have drank

Back 35

believed

Front 36

what is: the theory that frustration (the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal) increases the probability of aggression;; therefore, the closer the goal, the more frustrated you will get

Back 36

frustration-aggression theory

Front 37

have social scientists found that it is more absolute deprivation or relative deprivation (when people see a discrepancy between what they have and what they expect to have) creates anger more?

Back 37

relative deprivation

Front 38

what is: the increase in aggression that can occur because of the mere presence of a gun or other weapon

Back 38

the weapons effect

Front 39

what is the key criterion for rape?

Back 39

lack of consent

Front 40

what is: sets of implicit rules that specify proper sexual behavior for a person in a given situation, varying with the person's gender, age, religion, social status, and peer group

Back 40

sexual scripts

Front 41

what's one prominent sexual script that can make the question of what qualifies as rape hazy for some sexual people?

Back 41

"when a woman says no, she doesn't always mean it"

Front 42

can considering a specific context that in a particular situation is making it harder for someone to help you make you less upset with them?

Back 42

absolutely

Front 43

what are three explanations for how violent video games can make you more aggressive?

Back 43

1- increase physiological arousal

2- trigger an automatic tendency to imitate the hostile or violent characters (Bobo doll studies)

3- prime existing aggressive ideas

Front 44

What is: "blowing off steam" of aggression

Back 44

catharsis

Front 45

what is a model apology?

Back 45

"I'm really sorry, and I understand what i did wrong; it won't happen again"

Front 46

what is the most significant risk factor for teenage suicide and violence?

Back 46

being socially rejected

Front 47

what does research suggest are the effects of media violence? what kinds of children?

Back 47

they have an effect, but primarily on children already predisposed to aggression***************

Front 48

in the US, rape occurs most often because of the victim being in what condition?

Back 48

incapacitated

Front 49

what is: a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group

Back 49

prejudice

Front 50

as young as what age do humans show a preference for a certain race if they don't live in a monoracial world?

Back 50

3 months

Front 51

what is: a generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members?

Back 51

a stereotype

Front 52

two kinds of sexism?

Back 52

hostile sexism

benevolent sexism

Front 53

what is: unfair treatment of members of a stigmatized group solely because of their membership to that group?

Back 53

discrimination

Front 54

"The white participants were especially likely to pull the trigger when the men in the videos were black, whether or not they were holding a gun." this exemplifies the ________ bias.

Back 54

shooter

Front 55

what is: when a person knows she is prejudiced but chooses not to express it in public

Back 55

a suppressed prejudice