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Front 1

LINGUAL ARTERY

DORSAL LINGUAL ARTERIES

Back 1

b. Gives rise to the dorsal lingual arteries, which ascend medial to the
hyoglossus and supply the root of the tongue and, near the anterior
border of hyoglossus, it divides into its terminal branches, the sub-
lingual and deep lingual arteries; the sublingual artery supplies the
adjacent sublingual gland and the deep lingual artery courses for-
ward to the tip of the tongue accompanied by the lingual nerve and
deep lingual vein

Front 2

LINGUAL VEIN

DEEP LINGUAL VEIN

Back 2

2. Lingual vein

a. The deep lingual vein unites with the sublingual vein at the ante-
rior border of the hyoglossus to form the vena comitans of the hypo-
glossal nerve; this vein courses posteriorly with the hypoglossal
nerve, lateral to the hyoglossus

Front 3

LINGUAL VEIN

VENA COMITANS OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

Back 3

2. Lingual vein

b. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve and the dorsal lingual vein
unite near the posterior border of the hyoglossus to form the lingual
vein, which courses posteriorly to drain into the internal jugular vein

Front 4

LYMPHATICS

Back 4

3. Lymphatics: the anterior part of the tongue drains to submental, sub-
mandibular, and deep cervical nodes, and the posterior part of the tongue
drains to deep cervical nodes, the part of the tongue adjacent to the
midline drains into nodes of both sides

Front 5

HARD PALATE

Back 5

1. Hard palate: bony, anterior two-thirds; formed anteriorly by the palatine
processes of the maxillae and posteriorly by the horizontal plates of the
palatine bones

Front 6

SOFT PALATE

Back 6

2. Soft palate: nonbony, posterior one-third; a conical projection, the uvula,
drapes from the middle of its posterior free border

Front 7

LEVATOR VELI PALATINI

OIAI

Back 7

1. Levator veli palatini

a. Origin: apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the carti-
laginous part of the auditory tube

b. Insertion: descends into the soft palate, forming the torus levatorius

c. Action: elevates the soft palate, and thus closes off the oropharynx
from the nasopharynx and nasal cavities