246 Exam 3 Hormones

Front 1

ADH =?

- AKA ?

- Src/Stim(3)/Target(2)/Effect (2)

Back 1

Antidiuretic Hormone

Vasopressin

S: Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus

St: Elevated blood solute levels. Decreased blood volume or blood pressure

T: Kidney, blood vessels.

E: Kidney- reduce water loss in urine (reabsorption of water) -> elevation of BV and BP

Blood vessel vasoconstriction increases blood pressure.

Front 2

OXT

- Src/Stim(2)/Target(4)/Effect(4)

Back 2

Oxytocin

S: Paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

Stim: Sensory stimulation (labor, suckling in lactating mothers)

T: Females: uterus, mammary glands

Males: smooth m. in ductus deferens and prostate gland

E: Females: labor contractions, milk ejection

Males: contractions of ductus deferens and prostate gland

Front 3

CRH

- Src/Target/Effect

Back 3

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Src: Neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus

T: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

E: Secretion of ACTH from anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Front 4

ACTH =?

- AKA (?)

- Src/Stim/Target/Effect

Back 4

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

- Corticotropin

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars distalis)

St: CRH from hypothalamus

T: Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata)

E: Secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone)

Front 5

TRH
- Src/Target/Effect

Back 5

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Src: Neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus
T: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
E: Secretion of TSH from anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Front 6

TSH = ?

- AKA ?

- Src/Stim/Target/Effect

Back 6

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Thyrotropin

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars distalis)

St: TRH from hypothalamus

T: Thyroid gland

E: Secretion of thyroid hormones

Front 7

GH

- AKA ?

- Src/Stim/Target/Effects (4)

Back 7

Growth Hormone (GH)

[Somatotropin]

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars distalis)

St: GH-RH

T: All cells

E: Growth, protein synthesis, lipid mobilization and catabolism

Front 8

PRL

- Src/Target/Effect

Back 8

Prolactin

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars distalis)

T: Mammary glands

E: pdtn of milk

Front 9

GnRH

- Src/Target/Effect

Back 9

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Src: Neurosecretory neurons of hypothalamus

T: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

E: Stimulate production/secretion of gonadotropins (FSH, LH)

Front 10

FSH

- Src/Stim/Target/Effects (3)

Back 10

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars distalis)

Stim: GnRH

T: Ovaries and testes

E: Secretion of estrogen, follicle development, stimulation of sperm maturation

Front 11

LH

- Src/Stim/Target/Effects (4)

Back 11

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars distalis)

Stim: GnRH

T: Ovaries and testes

E: Ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of progesterone; secretion of testosterone

Front 12

MSH

- Src/Target/effect

Back 12

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Src: Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (Pars intermedia)

T: Melanocytes

E: increased melanin synthesis in epidermis

Front 13

Thyroid hormones

- Name 2

- Src/Stim/Target/Effects (4)

Back 13

T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine)

Src: Follicular epithelium of thyroid gland

St: TSH

T: Most cells

E: Increase energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development

Front 14

Calcitonin

- Src/Stim/Target (2)/Effect(2)

Back 14

Src: C “Clear” (or Parafollicular) cells of thyroid gland

St: Elevated blood Ca2+ levels

T: Bone, kidneys

e: Calcium deposition into bone, Increased excretion of calcium by kidneys

Front 15

PTH

- Src/Stim/Target(3)/Effect(3)

Back 15

Parathyroid Hormone

Src: Chief (parathyroid) cells

St: Decreased blood Ca2+ levels

T: Bones, kidneys, GI tract

E: Calcium release from bone, Increased reabsorption of calcium by kidneys, Increased calcitriol production causes increased Ca2+ and PO43- absorption by GI tract

Front 16

Catecholamines

- 2 examples

- Src/Stim/Target/Effect

- how long do changes last

Back 16

Catecholamines Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Src: Adrenal (suprarenal) Medulla

St: ANS Sympathetic stimulation from hypothalamus

T: Most cells

E: sympathetic flight-or-flight responses

Metabolic changes persist for several minutes

Front 17

Glucocorticoids

- examples (2)

- Src/Stim(2)/Target/Effect(4)

Back 17

Glucocorticoids Cortisol, corticosterone

Src: Zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

St: Stress, ACTH

T: Most cells

E: 1. Accelerates glucose synthesis and glycogen formation (Increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis)

2. Shows anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits WBCs and other components of the immune system

3. Aids in fat, protein, and carb metabolism

4. Decreases bone formation

Front 18

Mineralocorticoids

- 1 ex

- Src/Stim(5)/inhib(2)/Target/Effect(2)

Back 18

Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone

Src: Zona glomerulosa

Stimulated by angiotensin II, elevated blood K+, decr blood Na+, decr BV, decr BP

- inhibited by ANP and BNP

T: Kidneys

E:

1. Stimulates Na+ retention and K+ excretion (Increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney, which increases blood volume and therefore, incr. BP)

2. Increases sensitivity of salt receptors in taste buds

Front 19

Androgens (not from gonads)

- Src/Stim/Target/Effect

Back 19

Src: Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex

St: ACTH

T: Most cells

E: Stimulate development of pubic hair in boys and girls before puberty

Front 20

Inhibin

- Src/Stim/T/Effect

Back 20

Src: Gonads (Testes, ovaries)

St: FSH from anterior lobe of pituitary gland

T: Pituitary gland

Effect: Inhibits secretion of FSH

Front 21

Androgens (gonads)

- 1 example

- Src/Stim/T/Effect(3)

Back 21

Testosterone

Src: Testes

Stim: LH

T: Most cells

E:

1. Promote spermatogenesis

2. Promote development of 2ndary male sex characteristics/behaviors

3. Promote protein synthesis in skeletal mucscles

Front 22

Estrogens

- Example (1)

- Src(1)/Stim (2)/T/Effects (2)

Back 22

Ex: 17β estradiol

Src: Ovaries
St: FSH and LH
T: most cells
Effects:
1. Promote follicular development and uterine changes seen during the menstrual cycle
2. Promote the development of 2ndary female sex characteristic/behaviors

Front 23

Progestins

- Example (1)

- Src/Stim/T(2)/Effects (2)

Back 23

Ex: Progesterone

Src: Ovaries

St: LH

T: Uterus, mammary glands

Effects:

1. Prepares uterus for implantation

2. Prepares mammary glands for secretory activity

Front 24

Insulin
- Src/Stim(3)/Inhib(2)/Effect(2)

Back 24

Src: Beta cells of pancreatic islets

St: 1. High blood glucose concentrations

2. Parasympathetic stimulation

3. High levels of some AAs

Inhib: GH-IH and sympathetic activation

E:

1. Facilitates uptake of glucose by target cells
2. Stimulates formation and storage of lipids and glycogen

Front 25

Glucagon

- Src/Stim/Target(2)/Effect(3)

Back 25

Src: Alpha cells of pancreatic islets

St: Low blood glucose levels

T: Liver, adipose tissue

E:

1. Mobilizes lipid reserves

2. Promotes glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown in liver

3. Elevates blood glucose concentrations

Front 26

GH-IH =?

- AKA (?)

- Src/Stim/Target(2)/Effect(2+)

Back 26

Growth Hormone [Release] Inhibitor Hormone

- AKA Somatostatin

Src: delta cells of pancreatic islets

Stim: protein-rich meal

T: other islet cells, digestive epithelium

Effects:

1. Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

2. Slows rates of nutrient absorption and enzyme secretion along digestive tract

Front 27

Melatonin

- Src/Effect

Back 27

Src: Pineal gland

E: Circadian rhythms

Front 28

Calcitriol

- Src/Stim/Effect(2)

Back 28

Src: Kidneys

St: Blood calcium levels low

E: Stimulate Ca2+ and PO43- absorption, Stimulate Ca2+ release from bone

Front 29

EPO

- Src/T/Effect

Back 29

Erythropoietin

S: Kidneys

T: Red bone marrow

E: Stimulate erythrocyte/RBC production (erythropoiesis)

Front 30

Renin

- Src/Effect

Back 30

S: Kidneys

E: Cardiovascular/renal function

Front 31

Leptin

- Src/T/Effect

Back 31

S: Adipose tissue
T: Hypothalamus
E:
1. suppression of appetite/sense of fullness

Front 32

Thymosins

- Src/Effect

- What happens in adulthood?

Back 32

S: Thymus

E: Develop and maintain normal immune defenses (maturation of T-cell)

Thymus undergoes atrophy during adulthood

Front 33

ANP and BNP

- These are __________ _________?

- Src(1)/Stim/Targets(3)/Effect(3) + overall effect

Back 33

A = atrial; B = brain

Natriuretic Peptides

Src: Heart

St: hypertension

T: Kidneys, hypothalamus, adrenal gland

E:

1. Promote water loss via natriuresis (Na+ excretion)

2. Inhibit secretion of aldosterone and ADH

3. Decrease thirst

Overall effect: Reduce blood volume and BP

Front 34

PP = ?

- Src/Stim(2)/Target/Effect(3)

Back 34

Pancreatic polypeptide

Src: F cells of pancreatic islets
Stim: protein-rich meal and parasympathetic stimulation
T: Digestive organs
Effects:
1. Inhibits gallbladder contraction
2. Regulates pdtn of pancreatic enzymes
3. Influences rate of nutrient absorption by digestive tract

Front 35

Digestive tract hormones

- Fs: (3)

Back 35

Numerous hormones secreted involved in:

1. Coordination of system functions

2. Glucose metabolism

3. Appetite