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Front 1

TONGUE

INFERIOR SURFACE
-lingual frenulum

Back 1

3. Inferior surface: the lingual frenulum, a midline mucosal fold, attaches
the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Front 2

SUBLINGUAL GLAND

Back 2

1. Sublingual gland: lies inferior to the tongue within the sublingual fossa;
several sublingual ducts empty onto the floor of the mouth along a ridge,
the sublingual fold, formed by the subjacent sublingual gland

Front 3

SUBMANDIBULAR "WHARTONS" DUCT

Back 3

2. Submandibular (Wharton's) duct: emerges from the part o: tlie subman-
dibular gland deep to the mylohyoid, courses anteriorly, medial to tlie
sublingual gland, and opens onto the sublingual caruncle, a small mu-
cosal papilla lateral to the lingual frenulum; from proxnna! to distal, the
lingual nerve courses lateral, then inferior, and then medial to the sub-
mandibular duct

Front 4

MEDIAN FIBROUS SEPTUM

VS. MUSCLES

Back 4

C. Muscles

1. A median fibrous septum separates the musculature of 'each side of the
tongue

Front 5

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
(attach outside tongue)

GENIOGLOSSUS: OIAI

Back 5

2. Extrinsic muscles

a. Have attachment outside the tongue

b. Genioglossus

1. Origin: superior mental spine

2. Insertion: fibers fan out and insert into tlie entire tongue

3. Action: deviation of the tongue to tlie opposite side; acting to-
gether, both muscles protrude the tongue directly forward

Front 6

HYOGLOSSUS (EXTRINSIC)

Back 6

c. Hyoglossus
/. Origin: body and greater cornu of the hyoid

2. Insertion: side of the tongue

3. Action: depression of the tongue

Front 7

HYOGLOSSUS (EXTRINSIC)

superior, inferior
medial, lateral

Back 7

4. From superior to inferior, the following structures lie medial to
the hyoglossus: glossopharyngeal nerve, stylohyoid ligament, and
lingual artery

5. From superior to inferior, the following structures lie lateral to
the hyoglossus: lingual nerve, submandibular duct, and hypoglos-
sal nerve