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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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perspective(KNOW Sociology, Psychology, and “Social Psychology” TO ADD)
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-point of view
-product of our social world and the groups we are part of and the roles we fulfill *all points cannot me considered at the same time and are only par of the 'real' situation |
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Ways of Knowing (5) aceot
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1. accepting authority
2. our own culture 3. personal experiences 4. rational thinking 5. careful observation |
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socialization
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society shapes our attitudes and behaviour
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social positions
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shape our life paths (SES, gender, ethnicity, political system)
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social psychology vc. social sociology
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psych: study of individual's thoughts, feelings, behaviour, perception, influenced by others
soci: importance of social interaction, socialization |
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Bronfenbrenner Ecological theory IMMEMC
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Individual
Microsystem Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem |
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Bronfenbrenner INDIVIDUAL
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actively involved in interactions with others
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Bronfenbrenner MICROSYSTEM
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family, neighborhood, school
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Bronfenbrenner MACROSYSTEM
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Relations betwen the microsystem (family and school)
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Bronfenbrenner EXOSYSTEM
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Community programs and agencies
*individual does not always have a direct role but influenced by it |
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Bronfenbrenner MACROSYSTEM
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cultural beliefs, values
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Bronfenbrenner CHRONOSYSTEM
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Encompassess all levels
-places individual in context (historical period, life stage) |
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this course studies
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1. the effects of the larger society on individuals and their interactions
2. the role of the individual in the creation/maintenance of society |
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the relationship between individual and society
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bidirectional
1. individuals shaped by society 2. society exists due to individual actions that create and perpetuate society |
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the need to belong and make min lasting, positive and significant relationships (Baumeiser and Leary)
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-it is innate, inborn drive
-initially for survival 1. frequent and pleasant interactions 2. interactions that take place in a stable, enduring framework of concern for one's welfare (or at least the person perceives to be cared for) |
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the satisfaction of belonging is increased with
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1. repeated interactions with same person vs changing persons
2. frequent contact rather than simple relatedness |
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Learning Theory (Pavlov/Skinner)
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Behaviourism = Social Learning Theory
-based on observable behaviour (not subjective phenomena) *Classical Conditioning UCS->UCR => UCS + CS -> CR *Operant Conditioning (Skinner) UCR->CS |
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Operant conditioning
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If UCR is valued, behaviour is repeated due to positive reinforcement
If UCR is NOT valued, behaviour is eliminated due to negative reinforcement Learning occurs both directly and through observation/imitation |
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Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)
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Id- source of universal and innate drives/instincts
Ego- Looks for ways to meet needs (driven by id, negotiates btw id and superego, use defense mechanisms to satisfy both) superego - internalization of social/cultural values *C= little research to back up this theory |
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Phenomenology Thoery
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Examines MEANING of human conduct/behaviour as subjective perspectives of individuals
-reality is constructed by our POVs -no single social reality (nothings normative) -you can only understand an individual if you understand their reality |
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Social Cognition Theory
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we understand behaviour by concentrating on how we structure and process info from the environment
- we use schemas tat give coherence to our perceptions and allows us to fill in holes regarding vague info - ppl develop cognitive stuctures that allow for efficient processing of info -we receive more info than we can deal with ~visual cues; age, gender, race ~verbal cues; attitudes, intentions |
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social cognition schema (REVIEW!)
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How people organize or structure their cognitions
-mental pictures: other people, situations, roles, groups, self -used to predict behaviour and decide what actions to take -"stereotypes" therefore danger of being inaccurate -shaoe individual's attention to stimuli (influence on opinions) -unconcious -locus in individual mind, butformed by social experience -flaw: theory limited to cognitions |
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Social Constructionism
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Examines existing social patterns and tries to explain how they may have developed differently
-"reality" of phenomenon is socially constructed (ie. social phobia) -reveal origins of what is assumed to be natural (ie. social phobias as illness) -state of knowledge depends on questions asked (different questions would produce different knowledge) |
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Symbolic Interactionism Theory
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we define our envir. and act toward it and use it. -actions are a result of ongoing social interaction -action is a result of the present situation -we are in control, not instinctual |
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Exchange THeory (interdependence theory)
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-people obtain most of what they want/need from others
-exchange based on mutual dependence -unequal distribution of resources determines social exchange -aims to increase benefits, decrease costs -supply of law and demand -exchange partners will stabilize and become dependable sources C= doesn't exmamine what people value C= may not capture the real motivations |
