24: Antibiotics And Chemotherapeutic Agents

Front 1

name five classes of antibiotics

Back 1

1.aminoglycosides
2.cephalosporins
3.quinolones/fluroquinolones
4.vancomycin
5.macrolides

Front 2

how antibiotics work

Back 2

1.protein synthesis
2.nucleic acid
3.cell wall
4.cell membrane
5.metabolic reactions

Front 3

problems with antibiotics

Back 3

1.resistance
2.superinfection
3.anaphylaxis
4.toxicity
5.ab’s in food supply

Front 4

sulfonamides
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 4

exp: sulfanilamide sulfamethoxazole
src: synthetic
spc: broad
imp: folic acid metabolism
eff: kidney and liver damage, allergic reactions

Front 5

isoniazid
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 5

exp: none
src: synthetic
spc: tubercle bacilli
imp: cell wall synthesis
eff: liver damage

Front 6

metronidazole
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 6

exp: none
src: synthetic
spc: trichomonas vaginalis
imp: cell metabolism
eff: tumors in mice

Front 7

chloroquine
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 7

exp: primaquine
src: synthetic
spc: plasmodium species
imp: cell metabolism
eff: eye damage

Front 8

fluoroquinolones
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 8

exp: ciprofloxacin enoxacin
src: synthetic
spc: broad
imp: dna synthesis
eff: few reported

Front 9

penicillins
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 9

exp: penicillin-G ampicillin amoxicillin nafcillin oxacillin
src: penicillium notatum penicillium chrysogenum synth semisynth
spc: broad (esp gram+)
imp: cell wall synthesis
eff: allergic reactions, selection of penicillinase producing strains

Front 10

cephalosporins
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 10

exp: cephalothin cephalexin
src: cephalosporium semisynthetic
spc: broad (esp gram+)
imp: cell wall synthesis
eff: occasional allergic reactions

Front 11

aminoglycosides
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 11

exp: gentamicin neomycin amikacin streptomycin
src: micromonospora species streptomyces species
spc: broad (esp gram-)
imp: protein synthesis
eff: hearing defects, kidney damage

Front 12

chloramphenicol
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 12

exp: none
src: streptomyces venezuelae
spc: broad (esp typhoid bacilli)
imp: protein synthesis
eff: aplastic anemia, gray syndrome

Front 13

tetracyclines
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 13

exp: chlortetracycline oxytetracycline doxycycline minocycline
src: streptomyces species semisynthetic
spc: broad (rickettsiae, chlamydiae, gram-)
imp: protein synthesis
eff: destruction of natural flora, discoloration of teeth, stunted bones

Front 14

macrolides
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 14

exp: erythromycin clarithromycin azithromycin
src: streptomyces erythraeus semisynthetic
spc: broad (mycoplasma gram+)
imp: protein synthesis
eff: gastrointestinal distress

Front 15

vancomycin
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 15

exp: none
src: streptomyces orientalis
spc: gram+ (esp staphylococci)
imp: cell wall synthesis
eff: ear, kidney damage

Front 16

rifampin
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 16

exp: rifapentine
src: streptomyces mediterranei semisynthetic
spc: tubercle bacilli (gram-)
imp: rna synthesis
eff: liver damage

Front 17

clindamycin
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 17

exp: lincomycin
src: streptomyces lincolnesis
spc: gram+
imp: protein synthesis
eff: pseudomembranous colitis

Front 18

bacitracin
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 18

exp: none
src: bacillus subtilis
spc: gram+ (esp staphylococci)
imp: cell wall synthesis
eff: kidney damage

Front 19

polymyxin
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 19

exp: none
src: bacillus polymyxa
spc: gram- (esp wounds)
imp: cell membrane function
eff: kidney damage

Front 20

spectinomycin
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 20

exp: none
src: streptomyces spectabilis
spc: gonococci
imp: protein synthesis
eff: few reported

Front 21

moxalactam (examples)
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 21

exp: imipenem
src: chromobacter violaceum
spc: broad
imp: protein synthesis(?)
eff: few reported

Front 22

nystatin (examples)
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 22

exp: none
src: streptomyces noursei
spc: fungi (esp candida albicans)
imp: cell membrane function
eff: few reported

Front 23

griseofulvin (examples)
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 23

exp: none
src: penicillium janczewski
spc: fungi (esp superficial infections)
imp: nucleic acid synthesis
eff: occasional allergic reactions

Front 24

amphotericin B (examples)
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 24

exp: none
src: streptomyces nodosus
spc: fungi (esp systemic infections)
imp: cell membrane function
eff: fever, gastrointestinal destress

Front 25

imidazoles (examples)
examples
source
spectrum
impedes
effect

Back 25

exp: clotrimazole ketoconazole
src: synthetic
spc: fungi (esp superficial infections)
imp: inhibit sterol synthesis
eff: few reported