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Front 1

MIDDLE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR

ORIGIN

Back 1

2. Middle pharyngeal constrictor

a Origin- greater and lesser cornua ofthe hyoid bone and the Stylohyoid
' ligament; the Stylohyoid ligament extends from the styloid process
to the lesser cornu ofthe hyoid bone

Front 2

MIDDLE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR

INSERTION

Back 2

2. Middle pharyngeal constrictor

b Insertion: fans out from its origin to insert into the pharyngeal raphe;
inferiorly, it is overlapped by the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Front 3

MIDDLE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR

-laterally, there is a gap...

Back 3

2. Middle pharyngeal constrictor

c Laterally, there is a gap between the middle pharyngeal constrictor
and superior pharyngeal constrictor and another between the middle
pharyngeal constrictor and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Front 4

INFERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR

Back 4

3. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

a Composed of two muscles, the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyn-
' geus; they originate from the oblique line ofthe thyroid cartilage and
the arch of the cncoid cartilage, respectively

b. Insertion: pharyngeal raphe

Front 5

PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS

Back 5

4. Action: propel food and drink inferiorly, except for the cncopharyngeus,
which relaxes to allow passage into the esophagus

5. Innervation: vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus; part of the inferior
' pharyngeal constrictor is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve

Front 6

PALATOPHARYNGEUS

Back 6

B. Palatopharyngeus

1. Origin: hard and soft palate

2. Insertion: lateral wall ofthe pharynx

3. Action: elevation ofthe pharynx

4. Innervation: vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

Front 7

SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS

Back 7

C. Salpingopharyngeus

1. Origin: cartilage ofthe auditory tube

2. Insertion: merges with the palatopharyngeus in the lateral pharyngeal wall

3. Action: elevation ofthe pharynx

4. Innervation: vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus