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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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people in middle adulthod experience what kind of changes?
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GRADUAL CHANGES
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NAME 3 AREAS THAT DECLINE SLIGHTLY DURING THE MIDDLE AGE
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1. VISION
2. HEARING 3. SPEEA OF REACTION |
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WHAT HAPPENS TO SEXUALITY DURING MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (M.A.)
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1. FREE FROM CONCERNS ABOUT CHILDREN
2. PROGRESS TO A NEW LEVEL OF INTIMACY AND ENJOYMENT |
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2 CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN FEMALES
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FEMALE CLIMACTERIC
MENOPAUSE |
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CHANGES IN MALES IN M.A.
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HAVE PHYSCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SX'S
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IN GENERAL, M.A. IS A PERIOD OF WHAT KIND OF HEALTH
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GOOD HEALTH
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LIST 3 DISEASES M.A. IS SUSCEPTABLE TO ?
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ARTHRITIS,
DIABETES HYPERTENSION |
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WHY IS HEART DISEASE A RISK FOR M.A.
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1. DUE TO GENETIC FACTORS
2. DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 3. TO ALSO INCLUDE tYPE A BEHAVIOR PATTERN |
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THE QUESTION OF WHETER INTELLIGENCE DECLINES IN M.A. IS COMPLICATED BY LIMITATIONS OF TWO TYPES OF RESEARCH
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CROSS-SECTIONAL
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES |
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MEMORY MAY DECLINE BUT LONG TERM MEMORY DEFICITS ARE PROBABLY DUE TO WHAT?
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INEFFECTIVE STRATEGIE OF STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
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PERIOD OF MIDDLE ADULTHOOD RANGE FROM
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40 TO 65 YEARS
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WHAT BEGINS TO DECLINE IN THIS AGE?
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(SLOWLY) HEIGHT AND STRENTGH
GAIN WEIGHT |
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WHY HEIGHT DECLINES IN WOMEN
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ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEOPOROSIS
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A THINNING OF THE BONES BROUGHT ON BY A LACK OF CA IN DIET
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OSTEOPOROSIS
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WHAT CAN SLOW THE DECLINE
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HEALTHFUL LIFESTYLE AND REGULAR EXERCISE
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WHY DOES VISUAL ACCUITY CHANGE
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CHANGES IN THE EYES LENS
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NAME 4 WAYS THE EYES DECLINE
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NEAR VISION
DEPTH AND DISTANCE PERCEPTION ADAPTATION TO DARKNESS THE ABILITY TO PERCEIVE IN THREE DIMENSIONS |
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WHAT EYE DISEASE INCREASES
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GLAUCOMA WHICH CAN CAUSE BLINDNESS
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NAME TWO HEARING DEFICETS
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DECREASE IN HIGH-FREQUENCY SOUNDS AND SOUND LOCALIZATION
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REACTION TIMES BEGINS TO ____________BUT SLOWER REACTIONS ARE LARGELY OFFESET IN COMPLEX TASKS BY INCREASED DUT TO YEARS OF TASK REHEARSAL.
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1. INCREASE GRADUALLY
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M.A. COUPLES EXPERIENCE WHAT
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NEW SEXUAL FREEDOM
AND NEW ENJOYMENT |
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THE CHANGE FROM GEING ABLE TO BEAR CHILDREN TO NO LONGER BEING ABLE TO DO SO?
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FEMALE CLIMACTERIC
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MOST NOTABLE SIGN OF FEMALE CLIMACTERIC
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MENOPAUSE ACCOMPANIES BY PHYSCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DISCOMFORT
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WHAT THERAPY AIMS TO DECREASE SX'S RELATED TO MEMOPAUSE
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HORMONE THERAPY
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WHAT HAPPENS TO MEN KNOWN AS THE MALE CLIMACTERIC
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PRODUCTION OF SPERM AND TESTERONE MAY
DECREASE PROSTATE GLAND ENLARGES |
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WHAT HAPPENS IF PROSTATE GLAND ENLARGES
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DIFFICUTIES WITH URNINATION
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LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN M.A.
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HEART
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2ND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
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CANCER
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LIST REASONS WHY HEART DISEASE TO BE A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR
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GENERTIC AGE,GENDER,
FAMILY HX ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS SMOKING, HIGH FAT DIET, INCREASE CHOLESTEROL AND LACK OF EXERSICE |
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WHAT PERSONALITY TYPE IS INCLINED TO HEART PROBLEMS
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TYPE A
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A PATTERN OF BEHAVIORS OF COMPETIVENESS, IMPATIENCE, FRUSTRATION, AND HOSTIITY
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TYPE A BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH RISK OF HEART PROBLEMS
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WHAT SORT OF PEOPLE LIKELY TO GET CORONARY HEART DISEASE?
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GENETICS
FAMILY HX TYPE A PERSONALITY ENVIRONMENTAL |
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WHAT CAUSES CANCER?
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GENETICS
ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS |
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TREATMENTS FOR CANCER
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RADIATION
CHEMO SURGERY |
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WHAT HAPPENS TO A PERSON'S INTELLIGENCE IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD?
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DEPENDING ON WHICH REASEARCH YOU USE YES IT DECLINES
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LIST TWO TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
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FLUID
CRYSTALLIZED |
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WHAT HAPPENS TO FLUID INTEELIGENCE
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DECLINES SLOWLY
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WHAT HAPPENS TO CRYSTALLIZED INTEELGENCE
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HOLDS STEADY AND EVEN IMPROVES
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HOW DOES AGING EFFECT MEMORY
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IT MAY DECLINE BUT THE PROBLEM IS NOT WITH SENSORY OR SHORT TERM MEMORY BUT WITH LONG TERM MEMORY
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PROBLEM WITH LONG TERM MEMORY
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PROBLEMS WITH STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL STRATEGIES
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LIST FIVE WAYS TO IMPROVE LONG TERM MEMORY (MNEMONICS)
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1. GET ORGANIZED
2. PAY ATTENTION 3. USE ENCODING SPECIFICITY PHENOMENON 4. VISUALIZE 5. REHEARSAL |
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ARE FORMAL STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIZING MATERIAL IN WAYS THAT MAKE IT MORE LIKELY TO BE REMEMBERED
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MNEMONICS
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A CONDITION IN WHICH THE BONES BECOMES BRITTLE, FRAGILE, AND THIN
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OSTEOPORTOSIS
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LOSS OF NEAR VISION
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PRESBYOPIA
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A CONDITION WHERE PRESSURE IN THE FLUID OF THE EYE INCREASES, EITHER BECAUSE THE FLUID CANNOT DRAIN PROPERLY OR BECAUSE TOO MUCH FLUID IS PRODUCED
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GLAUCOMA
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THE PRIMARY SORT OF LOSS IS FOR SOUNDS OF HIGH FREQUENCY
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PRESYCUSIS
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STARTIN AT ABOUT AGE 45 WOMEN ENTER A PERIOD, THE TRANSITION FROM BEING ABLE TO BEAR CHILDREN TO BEING UNABLE TO DO SO
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FEMALE CLIMACTERIC
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CESSATION OF MENSTRUATION
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MENOPAUSE
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WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY COMPETITIVENESS, IMPATIENCE, AND A TENDENCY TOWARD FRUSTRATION AND HOSTILTY AND ARE MORE SUCEPTIBLE TO HEART DISEASE
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TYPE A BEHAVIOR PATTERN
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THE ABILITY TO DO MULTIPLE ACTIVITES CARRIED OUT SIMULTANEOUSLY
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POLYPHASIC ACTIVITIES
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WHAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY NONCOMPETITIVENESS, PATIENCE, AND A LACK OF AGGRESSION, HAVE LESS THAN HALF THE RISK OF CAD THAT TYPE A PEOPLE HAVE
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TYPE B BEHAVIOR
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WHICH TEST PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES AT THE SAME POINT IN TIME
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CROSS SECTIONAL STUDIES
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IN WHICH THE SAME PEOPLE ARE STUDIED PERIODICALLY OVER A SPAN OF TIME REVEALED DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF INTELLIGENCE
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LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
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THE ABILITY TO DEAL WITH NEW PROBLEMS
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FLUID INTELLIGENCE
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IS THE STORE OF INFORMATION, SKILLS, AND STRATEGIES THAT PEOPLE HAVE GAINES THROUGH EDUCATION AND PRIOR EXPERIENCES, AND THROUGH THEIR PREVIOUS USE OF FLUID INTELLIGENCE
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CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
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IS AN INITIAL , MOMENTARY STORAGE OF INFORMATION THAT LAST ONLY A SECOND
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SENSORY MEMORY
(NO DECLINE IN AGE) |
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HOLDS INFORMATION FOR 15-25 SECONDS
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SHORT TERM MEMORY
(NO DECLINE IN AGE) |
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HOLDS INFORMATION THAT IS RELEASED FOR A RELATIVELY PERMANENT TIME
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LONG TERM MEMORY
(SOME DECLINE IN AGE) |
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WHAT HAPPENS TO LONG TERM MEMORY
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STORAGE LESS EFFICIENT
DECREASE IN EFFICIENCY OF MEMORY RETRIEVAL |
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WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF LOSS OF MUSCLE MASS
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DECREASE STRENGHT
M.A. SLOWER, WEAKER, AND CLUMSY |
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TO IMPROVE HEALTH
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REGULAR EXERCISE
LOW FAT DIET LOWER CALORES |
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WHAT MAKS THE AGING PROCESS
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WE BEGIN BECOME AWARE OF THE GRADUAL CHANGES IN THE BODY
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3 BENCH MARK OF CHANGE
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HEIGHT
WEIGHT STRENGHT |
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WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE AGE OF 55?
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BONES BECOME DENSE
WOMEN LOSE 2 INCHES MEN LOSE 1 INCH IN HEIGHT |
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WHY DO WOMEN DECREASE IN HEIGHT
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DUE TO OSTEOPROSIS
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WHAT REDUCE THE RISK OF OSTEPOROSIS
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DIET HIGH IN CALCIUM AND
EXERCISE |
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WHAT SLOW DOWN THE WEIGHT GAIN IN M.A.
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EXERCISE AND WEIGHT CONTROL
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WHAT HAPPENS TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN WHEN THEY CONTINUE TO GAIN WEIGHT
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THE AMOUNT OF BODY FAT INCREASE
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PEOPLES EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO THE PHYSCIAL CHANGES DEPEND ON WHAT
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THE PERSON;S SELF CONCEPT
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WHAT WOULD YOU EAT TO MAITAIN A DIET HIGH IN CALICUM
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DAIRY PRODUCTS, MILK, CHEESE, YOUGURT
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DURING M.A. THE AMOUNT OF BODY FAT TENDS TO GROW ON THE AVERAGE PERSON IS CALLED
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MIDDLE AGE SPREAD
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WHAT HAPPENS TO STRENGTH AS YOU GET OLDER
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DECREASE IN THE BACK AND LEG MUSCLES
BY AGE 60-DECREASE BY 10% |
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THE ABILITY TO DISCERN FINE DETAIL BEGINS TO DECLINE AT WHAT AAGE
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40
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THE ABILITY TO DISCERN FINE SPATIAL DETAIL IN BOTH CLOSE AND DISTANT OBJECTS
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VISUAL ACUITY
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WHAT CHANGES IN THE EYES
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VISUAL ACUITY DECLINE
LENSES- CHANGE SHAPE AND ELASTICIY LENSES LESS TRANSPARENT PRESBYOPIA DEPT PERCEPTION DISTANCE PERCEPTION VIEW WORLD IN 3 DIMENSIONS NIGH VISION |
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE LENSES BECOME LESS TRANSPARENT
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DECREASES THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING
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WHAT IS THE UNIVERAL CHANGE IN EYESIGHT
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PRESBYOPIA
(LOSS OF NEAR VISION) |
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MOST FREQUENT CAUSES OF EYE PROBLEMS
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GLAUCOMA
NEED FREQUENT EYE CHECKS |
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CLOUDED DISCOLORED LENS STAT NOT MUCH LIGHT INTO EYE - WHAT IS NEEDED
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HIGHER LIGHTS
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PROBLEM WITH NIGHT VISION
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UNABLE TO DRIVE
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EXAMPLE OF AGE GRADED PROBLEMS
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PRESBYOPIA
PRESBYCUSIS |
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WHO IS PRONE TO HEARING LOSS MEN OR WOMEN
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MEN
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RESULTS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SUCH AS LOUD NOISES
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CAUSE HEARING LOSS IN INNER EAR TO DECREASE SOUND SENSITITVITY
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LOSS OF HAIR CELLS (CILIA) IN THE INNER EAR
(HIGH PITCH SOUNDS IN INNER EARAND MID LEVEL PITCHES ARE DECREASE AND MORE RESTRICTED |
CAUSES HEARING LOSS
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MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HEARING LOSS
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PRESBYCUSIS (LOSS OF SOUNDS OF HIGH FREQUENCY
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WHAT HAPPENS TO REACTION TIME
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INCREASES SLIGHTLY
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WHY DOES REACTION TIME INCREASEIN M.A.?
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DUE TO A GRADUAL LOSS OF MUSCLE IN THE BODY AND NERVOUS SYSTEM SPEED
PROCESSING DUE TO AGING |
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WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO TO HALP WITH REACTION TIMES
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PRACTICE CERTAIN SKILLS IMPACTS REACTION TIME
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DECREASE OF HORMONES IN BLOOD CAUSES WHAT
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INFERTILE
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MOST NOTABLE SIGN OF THE OF FEMALE CLIMACTERIC IS
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MENOPAUSE
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SOME WOMEN MAY EXPERIENCE WHAT WITH HORMONE CHANGES
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DEEPING VOICE
FACIAL HAIR |
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WHY DO PEOPLE IN MIDDLE AGES FACE NO CHRONIC HEALTH DIFFICULITIES, FEWER ACCIDENTS, AND FEWER INFECTIONS?
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PEOPLE ARE MORE CAREFUL AND BUILT UP IMMUNITIES OVER THEIR LIFE
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LIST 4 CHRONIC SUSCEPITABLE DISEASES IN M.A.
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ARTHRITIS- START AT 40
DIABETES - BETWEEN 50-60 ESPECIALLY IF OVERWEIGHT HYPERTENSION- STROKE |
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THE MOST FREQUENT CHRONIC DISORDER IN M.A.
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HYPERTENSION (HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)
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what 2 diseases do men die from in the m.a.?
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heart and circulatory system
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BOTH GENETIC AND EXPERIENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE INVOLVED DUE TO WHAT
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HEART DISEASE THAT RUNS IN FAMILIES
MEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO SUFFER THAN WOMEN AND RISKS INCREASE WITH AGE |
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LIST 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS FOR HEART DISEASE
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SMOKING
HIGH FAT AND CHOLESTEROL IN DIET LACK OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE |
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TYPE A PEOPLE ARE AT A HIGHER RISK FOR CORNARY HEART DISEASE DUE TO?
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HIGHER LEVELS OF HOSTILITY AND ANGER
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WHAT HAPPENS TO TYPE A IF THEY DON'T REACH THEIR GOALS?
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EASILY ANGERED
VERBALLY AND NONVERBALLY HOSTILE |
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WHAT IS THE KEY COMPONENT THAT LINKE TYPE A BEHAVIOR AND HEART DISEASE
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HOSTILITY
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WHAT IS THE D IN TYPE D BEHAVIOR
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DISTRESSWHICH IS LINKED TO CORONARY DIEASE
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FACTORS FOR TYPE D
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INSECURITY, ANXIETY, AND A NEGATIVE OUTLOOK PUT PEOPLE AT RISK WORRY, EXPECT THE WORST TO HAPPEN
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2ND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN MIDDLE AGE
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CANCER
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LIST RISKK FACTORS FOR CANCER
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GENETICS
FAMILY HX OF CANCER POOR NUTRITION SMOKING ALCOHOL EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE TO RADITION EXPOSURE TO OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IE CHEMICALS |
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WHAT DID CROSS SECTIONAL STUDIES SHOW IN REFERENCE TO INTELLEGENCE
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OLDER SUBJECTS WERE MORE LIKELY TO SCORE LESS THAN YOUNGER SUBJECTS ON TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE TESTS
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DRAWBACKS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL
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MAY BE LESS EDUCATED
GREW UP IN A PARATICULAR HISTORICAL TIME LESS STIMULATION ON THE JOB POORER HEALTH |
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CROSS-SECTONAL STUDIES MAY _________INTELLIGENCE IN OLDER SUBJECTS
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UNDERESTIAMATE
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WHAT DID LONGITUDINAL STUDIES SHOW
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STABLE AND INCREASE IN IQ'S (BETWEEN MID 30- TO MID 50) THEN SOME DECLINED
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WHY DID LONG. STUDIES SHOW INCREASE iq'S
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PRACTICE EFFECT- REPEATED TESTING
SUBJECTS LEAVE OR DIE |
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WHAT DID LONG. STUDIES DO
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9VER ESETIMATE THE INTELLIGENCE OF OLDER PEOPLE
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WHAT ABOUT TIMED TEST?
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REACTION TIME IS SLOWER
RESULTS MAY BE DUT OT PHYSCIAL CHANGES AND NOT COGNITIVE CHANGES |
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WHAT DOES FLUID INTELLIGENGENCE INCLUDE: 4 THINGS
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INDUCTIVE REASONIN
SPATIAL ORIENTATION PERCEPTUAL SPEED VERBAL MEMORY |
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FLUID INTELLIGENCE
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DECLINES WITH AGE
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EXAMPLES OF CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
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NUMERICAL AND VERBAL ABILITIES
SOLIVING A CROSSWORD PUZZEL SOLVING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM |
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IMPROVES WITH AGE
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CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
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2 KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE
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CRYSTALLIZED
FLUID |
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GAIN THUR EXPERIENCE
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CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIENGENCE
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A PERSON WHO IS ASKED TO ARRANAGE A SERIES OF LETTERS ACCODING TO SOME RULE OR TO MEMORIZE A SET OF NUMBERS
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FLUID INTELLIENGENCE
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EXAMPLES:
SOLVING CROSSWORD PUZZEL, AND IDENTIFY THE MURDERER IN A MYSTERY |
CRYSTALLIZED
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LIST THREE MEMORY SEQUENTIAL COMONENTS
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SENSORY MEMORY
SHORT-TERM MEMORY LONGTERM MEMORY |
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MOMENTARY STORAGE OF INFORMATION THAT LAST ONLY AN INSTANT. (NO DECLINE IN MIDDLE AGE)
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SENSORY MEMORY
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HOLDS INFORMATION THAT LAST ONLY AN INSTANT> (NO DECLINE IN MIDDLE AGE)
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SHORT TERM MEMORY
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HOLDS INFORMATION THAT IS REHEARSED FOR A RELATIVELY PERMANENT TIME. (SOME MIDDLE AGE DECLINE, STORAGE IS LESS EFFICIENT, AND THERE IS A REDUCTION IN EFFICIENCY OF MEMORY RETRIEVAL)
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LONG TERM MEMORY
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FORMAL STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIZING MATERIAL IN WAYS THAT MAKE IT MORE LIKELY TO BE REMEMBERED.
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MNEMONICS
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A. GET ORGANIZED
B. PAY ATTENTION C. USE ENCODING SPECIFICITY PHENOMENON D. VISUALIZE E. REHEARSAL |
MNEMONICS
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THE PRINCIPLE THAT PEOPLE ARE MOST LIKELY TO RECALL INFORMATION IN ENVIROMENTS THAT ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE WHICH INFORMATION WAS INITIALLY LEARNED.
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SPECIFICITY PHENOMENON
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