233 Development Across The Life Span Ch. 6

Front 1

TWO EMOTIONS THAT ARE EXPERIENCE IN INFANCY

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STRANGER AND SEPERATION ANXIETY

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believe an emotion has three components: biological arousal, cognitive, and behavioral

Back 2

DEVELOPMENTIST

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EMOTION HAS THREE COMPONENTS

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BIOLOGICAL AROUSAL
COGNITIVE
BEHAVIORAL

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INCREASED BREATHING RATE OR HEARTBEAT

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BIOLOGICAL AROUSAL COMPONENT

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AWARENESS OF FEELING ANGER OR FEAR

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COGNITIVE COMPONMENT OF EMOTION

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DISPLAYING THAT ONE IS UNHAPPY BY CRYING

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BEHAVIORAL COMPONMENT OF EMOTION

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is the caution and wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamiliar person.

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STRANGER ANXIETY

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WHEN DOES STRANGER ANXIETY APPEAR

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2ND HALF OF THE FIRST YEAR 6-12 MONTHS

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Infants with more experience with strangers tend to show WHAT

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STRANGER ANXIETY

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FEMALES STRANGER AND OTHER CHILDREN

MALES

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SHOW LESS ANXIETY

MORE ANXIETY

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is the distress displayed by infants when a customary care provider departs.

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SEPARATION ANXIETY

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WHAT AGE IS SEPARTION ANXIETY

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7,8 MONTHS TILL
PEAKS 14 MONTHS

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FIRST OCCURS IN INFANTS ABOUT 8-9 MONTHS
IS THE INTENTINAL SEARCH FOR INFORMATION TO HELP EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF UNCERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AND EVENTS

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SOCIAL REFERENCING

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is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual

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ATTACHAMENT

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suggests that attachment had a biological basis based on infant's needs for safety and security.
a. Having a strong, firm attachment provides a home base from which the child can gain independence.

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JOHN BOWLBY

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a sequence of eight staged episodes that illustrate the strength of attachment between a child and (typically) his or her mother.

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AINSWORTH STRANGE SITUATION

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DEVLOPE WORK ON ATTACHMENT

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MARY AINSWORTH

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NAME FOUR ATTACHMENT PATTERNS

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SECURE
AVOIDENT
AMBIVALENT
DISORGANIZED-DISORIENTED

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a style of attachment in which children use mother as a home base and are at ease as long as she is present; when she leaves, they become upset and go to her as soon as she returns

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SECURE ATTTACHMENT PATTERN
AGE- 2/3 OF 1Y/O HAVE

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, a style of attachment in which children do not seek proximity to the mother; after the mother has left, they seem to avoid her when she returns as if they are angered by her behavior

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20% DEVELOP THIS AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT PATTERN

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a style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers; they show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit and kick her.

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10-15% HAVE THE AMBIVALENT ATTACHMENT PATTERN

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a style of attachment in which children show inconsistent, often contradictory behavior, such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her; they may be the least securely attached children of all.

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FOURTH - DISORGANIZED-DISORIENTED ATTACHMENT PATTERN

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WHY ARE MOM;S THE MOST OFTEN THE ATTACHMENT FIGURE

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SENSITIVE TO THEIR INFANT'S NEEDS AND EMOTIONS AND PROVIDE APPROPRIATE RESPONSES

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WHEN STRESSED WHO DO INFANTS GO TO

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MOM'S WHO SPEND MORE TIME FEEDING AND NURTURING

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ENGAGE IN MORE ROGH AND TUMBLE PLAY

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DADS

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is the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another.

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PERSONALITY

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considers how individuals come to understand themselves and the meaning of others’ — and their own — behavior.

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THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

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(birth to 18 months) during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caretakers.

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TRUST-VERSUS-MISTRUST

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when toddlers develop either independence and autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame and doubt if they are restricted and overprotected

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At around 18 months to 3 years, toddlers enter the

AUTONOMY-VERSUS-SHAME-AND-DOUBT STAGE

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is the pattern of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual.
1.Temperament refers to how children behave.
2.Temperamental differences among infants appear from the time of birth.

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TEMPERAMENT

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ran the New York Longitudinal Study and found three profiles of temperament

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THOMAS AND CHESS

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THREE PROFILES OF TEMPERAMENT

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EASY BABIES
DIFFICULT BABIES
SLOW-TO-WARM-UP

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have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regularly and they are adaptable.
(1)Forty percent of infants

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EASY BABIES

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have negative moods and are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw.
(1)Ten percent of infants

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DIFFICULT BABIES

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are inactive, showing relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods are generally negative, and they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly.
(1)Fifteen percent of infants

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SLOW-TO-WARM-UP
BABIES

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HOW MANY ARE UNCATEGORIZED

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35%

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, the notions that development is dependent on the degree of match between children’s temperament and the nature and demands of the environment in which they are being raised.
(2)A key determinant is the way parents react to the infant's behavior.

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GOODNESS OF FIT

LONG-TERM ADJUSTMENT

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the sense of being male or female, has effects throughout life.

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INFANT'S GENDER

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infants are able to distinguish between males and females AT WHAT AGE

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AGE 1

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have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regularly and they are adaptable.
(1)Forty percent of infants

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EASY BABIES

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have negative moods and are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw.
(1)Ten percent of infants

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DIFFICULT BABIES

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are inactive, showing relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods are generally negative, and they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly.
(1)Fifteen percent of infants

Back 42

SLOW-TO-WARM-UP
BABIES

Front 43

HOW MANY ARE UNCATEGORIZED

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35%

Front 44

, the notions that development is dependent on the degree of match between children’s temperament and the nature and demands of the environment in which they are being raised.
(2)A key determinant is the way parents react to the infant's behavior.

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GOODNESS OF FIT

LONG-TERM ADJUSTMENT

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the sense of being male or female, has effects throughout life.

Back 45

INFANT'S GENDER

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infants are able to distinguish between males and females AT WHAT AGE

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AGE 1

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3.Infants' behavior is interpreted differently depending on gender.
4.Male infants are more active and fussier than females.

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GENDER