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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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erickson psychosocial stage
age 6-12 |
industry versus inferiority stage
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how do children view themselves in middlechildhood
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view self less in terms of external physical attributes and more in terms of psychological traits
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how is self esteem developed
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1. Children increasingly compare themselves to others.
2. Self-esteem, for most children, increases during middle childhood. 3. Parents can promote their child’s self-esteem through use of the authoritative child-rearing style. |
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at what age does self esteen begin to decline
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12 years old
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low self esteen is a school age child thinks of what
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believes that he is doomed to be a failure
very difficult cycle to break |
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11 year old sees self as pretty smart, friendly and helpful (these are what kind of attributes
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psychologicl characteristics
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what helps determine inner traits in children
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self-concept
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see self good in one thing and not another
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good in math but bad in spelling
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3 levels of moral reasoning
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lawerence kohlberg
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where people follow rules based on rewards and punishments
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preconventional morality Stages 1 and 2
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list 3 levels of moral reasoning
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preconventional
conventional postconventional |
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what level of moral reasoning that few of us ever reach?
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postconventional morality
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what level is most inmature and self serving
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preconventional
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the level of morality where most of us are
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conventional morality stages 3 and 4
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where people approach problems in terms of their own position as good responsible members of society
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conventional morality stage 3 and 4
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where universal moral princiles are invoked and considerd broader than a particular society
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postconventional morality stage 5 and 6
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How did hohlber assessed people's moral reasoning by using what
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moral dilemmas
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according to kohlberg how do people move thur these stages
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in a fixed order
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the concrete interesstsof the person are considered in terms of rewards and punishments
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preconventional
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people are interested in pleasing others by acting as good members of society
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conventional
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what level its always wrong to steal and i will be punished for it
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preconventional morality
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good people don't steal what if everyone steals
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conventional morallity
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against stealing the drup because it would make them feel guilty
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conventional morallity
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if they did not steal then they would be live up to moral principles
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post conventional morality
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why cann't a person reason reach post conventional morality
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due to deficits in cognitive development that are not overcome until adolence
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how is self esteem based on
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comparisons with others
internal standars of success |
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what happens if self esteem is low
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can result in a cycle of failure
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the evauation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group
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status
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what do higher status children have
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greater access to resources
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what do lower status children do
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tend to follow the lead of higher status children
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popular children have what
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social competence
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list three social competence skills
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a) They are helpful and cooperative.
b) They have good emotional understanding. c) They can adapt to social situations. |
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what factor relates to chldren's popularity
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social prblem solving
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children's friendships in middlechildhood are mostly what
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sex segregated
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difference between boys and girls regarding the nature of friendships
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boys have larger networks of friends versus girls
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what do boys have
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strict dominance hierarchy
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what do middle school age boys do?
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attempt to maintain and impreve ther status in the hierarchy
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what do middle school age girls do?
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have one or two best friends of equal status
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how are conflicts solves among girls
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compromise
ignoring the situation giving in |
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what happens to children in middle childhood? They move from completely controlled by parents to what
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they want to control their own behaviors
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a period in which parents and children jointly control children's behavior
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coregulation
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who has an importance inflence on children
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siblings
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what do siblings provide
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support
companionship security |
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what is sibling rivalry
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a source of strife that can occur and is most intense when siblings are close in age and the same gender
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What doe only children have who are not spoiled and self center
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higher self esteen
stronger motivation |
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what do school children tend to do when parents are divorced
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blame themselves for the breakup
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time period that children and parents show severy types of psychological malaadjustments
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6 months to 2 years after a divorce
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name 4 psychological maladjustments
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anxiety
depression sleep disturbance phobias |
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when do most children return to their predivorce psychological adjustment
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18 months to 2 years
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who propesed a theory of motivation based on peoples attributions
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bernard weiner
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what is the attritution theory state
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their is reason for a person's behavior
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people attempt to explain their behavior in three ways
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cause in internal or external
cause is stable or unstable cause is controllable or uncontrollable |
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intternal causes are
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dispositional
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external causes are
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situational
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an instance when a person's expectation is capable of bringing about an outcome
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self fulling prophecy
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among school age children what establishes one's position
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status
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what personal chacteristics lead to popularity
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sense of humor
nice or friendly helpful. being complimentary present themselves well |
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what do boy friendships involve
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group relationships
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name two stages one goes thur in erikson industry versus inferiority
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focus on acdhieving competence
and responds to a wide range of personal challenges |
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why is it important to devlope a good self self esteen
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poor self esteen allows them to get into a trap of cycle of failure
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motivated by rewards and punishments
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preconventional morality
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motivated by social reference
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conventional morality
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motivated by a sense of universal moral principles
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post conventional morality
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what can break the cycle of a negative self-esteem
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parenting style
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what parenting style promotes self esteem
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authoritiative
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what are the least liked behaviors in friends in school age children
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verbal aggression
expressions of anger dishonesty criticizing being greedy physical aggression, being bossy being annoying |
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who knows the rules
good at keeping friends kind and considerate of others feelings good at cooperation with others |
social competence
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who finds social status less important
best friend comprimises to avoid disagreement has emotional and physical closeness and share secrets, feelings and thought |
girls
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wants to change position and competes against each other
jokes and is atheltic to raise social status |
boys
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ways to increase coregulation
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buy a cetain type of clothes
wake up and make breakfast increase adl's in am for school |
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get up dress bath
pack book bag |
to increase responsibility
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