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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Section 23.2: Anatomy of the kidney
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anatomy of the kidney
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What is the helium?
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its the entrance for the blood vessels, renal nerves, lymphatics and the ureter to get in/out of the kidney.
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What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that protect the kidney?
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1. renal fascia
2.perirenal fat capsule 3. fibrous capsule. |
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What is the renal fascia?
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a fibrous material deep to the parietal peritoneum. Binds the kidney and associated organs to the abdominal wall.
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What is the perirenal fat capsule?
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A layer of adipose tissue to cushion kidney.
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What is the fibrous capsule?
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ecloses the kidney like a wrapper. Is anchored at the helium. protects from trauma and infection.
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What is the renal sinus?
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a medial cavity occupied by blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves and uine collecting structures. Holds urine basically.
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What are the 2 zones of the parenchyma? |
renal cortex and the renal medulla. |
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renal cortex is the outside part?
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yes.
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renal medulla is the more inner part?
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yes.
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does the renal cortex extend into renal columns?
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yes.
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do the renal columns divide the renal medulla into 6 to 10 renal pyramids?
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yes.
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think about the renal pyramids.
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they are in the renal medulla, are like little cone doodads.
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think about the renal papilla
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they are at the bottom of the renal pyramids. they connect to the minor calyx
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envision the minor calyx, major calyx and the renal pelvis. describe their connection.
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renal pyramid -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis.
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how much blood per minute do the kidneys receive?
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1.2 litres.
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what % of cardiac output is the 1.2 litres of blood per minute?
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about 21%!
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Blood flow for the renal circulation!
Aorta to Glomerous (arteries) |
aorta -> renal A. -> Interlobar A. -> Arcuate A. -> Cortical radiate A. -> afferant arteriole
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Blood flow for the renal circulation!
Glomerous to Aorta (veins) |
efferent arteriole -> peritibular capillaries/vasa recta -> cortical radiate v. -> arcuate v. -> interlobar v. -> renal v. -> inferior vena cava.
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What is the nephron?
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the functional bit of the kidneys.
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What does the nephron do?
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filters blood plasma and then converts the filtrate to urine!
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What are the 2 major parts of the nephron?
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renal corpuscle
renal tubule. |
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What does the renal corpuscle do?
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filters blood plasma.
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What does the renal corpuscle consist of?
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glomerulus and a 2 layered glomerular capsule (bowman capsule)
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what is another name for the glomerular capsule?
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bowman capsule.
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what does the renal corpuscle do?
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filter blood
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what are the 2 major parts of the renal corpuscle?
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glomerulus
2 layered glomerular capsule (bowman capsule) |
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what are the 2 layers of the glomerular capsule?
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parietal layer (outer layer) and the visceral layer (inner layer)
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what does the parietal layer (outer layer) of the glomerular capsule lined with?
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simple squamous epithelium
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what is the visceral layer (inner layer) of the glomerular capsule lined with?
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podocyte cells
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what are the two layers of the glomerular capsule spereated by?
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capsular space.
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are podocytes elaborate cells that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerous inside the glomerous capsule?
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yes.
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what is the renal tubule?
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part of the nephron. duct that leads away from glomerular capsule and ends at tip of medullary pyramid.
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What 4 things does the renal tubule contain?
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PCT
Nephron loop DCT collecting duct |
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what 2 types of loops doe stye nephron loop have?
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descending and ascending.
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what types of cells do the PCT have?
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simple cuboidal epithelium.
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are the PCT lined with many microvilli?
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yes.
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what types of cells do the DCT have?
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simple cuboidal epithelium.
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what is the loop of henule also known as?
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nephron loop.
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Does the nephron loop have thick and thin segments?
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yes
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what types of cells are in the thick segment of the nephron loop?
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simple cuboidal epithelium.
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what types of cells are in the thin segment of the nephron loop?
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simple squamous epithelium.
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is the DCT void of almost entirely devoid of microvilli?
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yes.
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what does the collecting duct basically do?
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receives fluid from the DCT of TONS of nephrons and then dumps urine into the papillary ducts along with many other nephrons.
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flow of fluid from glomerular to where urine leaves body
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glomerular capsule -> PCT -> nephron loop -> DCT -> collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> bladder -> urethra.
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