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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
the sum of an individuals characteristics which make them unique |
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3 Levels of Personality |
1. Psychological Core 2. Typical Response 3. Role Related Behaviour |
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Psychological Core |
The real you; or the core concept of one's self that people are unwilling to reveal ex: attitudes, values, and self-concept |
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Typical Response |
learned modes of adjustments to the environments - represents how individuals are likely to respond in a situation ex: frustration, humour, anxiety, etc. |
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Role Related Behaviour |
behaviour we engage in is based on perception of the social position we are in ex. parent, student, coach |
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2 Dimensions of Personality |
1. Internal Dimension 2. External Dimension |
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Internal Dimension of Personality |
psychological core basically the stable features of personality |
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External Dimension of Personality |
typical responses and role related behaviour -> more subject to change based on the situation we are in |
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Theories of Personality |
1. Psychodynamic Theories - Freud 2. Sheldon's Constitutional Theory 3. Trait Psychology 4. Situationalism 5. Interactionism 6. Cattle's Trait Personality Model 7. Digman's Big 5 Model |
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Psychodynamic Theory |
all behaviour is connected and driven by unconscious forces Structure of Personality: - ID: pleasure principle (based on instinct, controls what we want to do) - Ego: reality principle (how we make decisions) - Superego: should/should not principle (our conscious) |
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Sheldon's Constitutional Theory |
Body type predisposes our behaviour - think somatotypes from KIN 320 |
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Trait Psychology: |
behaviour is labelled and traits are assigned based on observed behaviours "focused on typical response" |
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Trait |
a relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one's personality |
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Situationalism |
advocates the importance of the situation on behaviour outcomes - behaviour changes in different situations |
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Interactionism |
both the person and the situation impact what behaviours occur - accounts for traits and situations |
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Essential Factor of Traits: |
traits have and enduring tendency - they don't change over a long period of time basically why we have consistent behaviour over time and in different situations |
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Innate Characteristic of Personality Traits |
traits are normally distributed in the population (bell curved) |
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Cattell's Trait Personality Model |
16 different personality trait dichotomies - ex. warmth vs cold; dominant vs. submissive said he won't test us on the different 16 things |
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Digman's Big 5 Model |
1. Openness: willingness to adjust to new idea 2. Conscientiousness: determination/strong willed 3. Extroversion: tendency to be outgoing 4. Agreeableness: compatibility with others 5. Neuroticism: tendency to be tense/anxious |
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2 Possible Ways to measure Personality |
1. Nomothetic: measurement of individual attributes or disposition - each trait is looked and and scored individually 2. Idiographic Approach: measurement o the whole person with emphasis on how traits interact |
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4 major Measurements of Personality Used |
1. Life History 2. Interview (asking a series of questions) 3. Direct observation (inferring from observing) 4. Psychological Inventory - easier to quantify, but may not be valid All difficult to use/quantify |
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Psychological Inventory |
1. Objective (structured) Method: Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT) - measure competitive trait anxiety - individual rates 10 anxiety statements on a 3 point scale ex. before i compete i feel uneasy (rarely/sometimes/often) 2. Projective (unstructured) Method: - You are shown a neutral picture and asked to tell a story about it - apparently this shows your personality |
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Profile of Mood States: (Research) |
looked at personalities of olympic athletes vs. goo athletes Olympians scored low on negative emotions and high on positive emotions (iceberg profile) Little research supported this after (may be due to the fact olympians are so elite) |
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Risk Taking and Personality in Athletes: |
High risk athlete scored higher in extraversion and lower in conscientiousness Can also be higher in neuroticism |
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Competitiveness |
desire to engage in and strive for success in sport achievements situations |
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Sport Orientation Questionnaire |
Measures athletes' achievement orientation in 3 dimensions 1. Competitiveness (i look forward to competing) 2. Win Orientation (only satisfied when I win) 3. Goal Orientation (i set goals for me in competition) Athletes are higher in all 3 than non-athletes |
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Perfectionism Definition and 2 Types |
a construct of personality that reflects u unrealistic, high stands, inappropriate expectations,a nd high self-criticism 1. Personal Standard Perfectionism 2. Evaluative Concerns Perfectionsim |
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Personal Standard Perfetionsim |
AKA striving - sets high performance standard and self-oriented achievement striving - people that score high in this tend to perform better (have high standards for themselves) - no relationship with increased burnouts of players |
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Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism |
aka Concerns: negative social evaluation involving self-criticism, concerns over mistakes, and doubts over actions - tend to have poor sport outcomes and higher burnout rates |
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Athletic Motivation Inventory: (AMI) |
Assess 11 different personality traits by themselves for women and men claims to be able to identify personality profiles of successful athletes --> BUT traits alone do not predict much - no research about findings and assesses without ever seeing the athlete |
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Personality and Exercise |
High extroversion = decreased sitting time High conscientiousness = decreased leisure screen time High extroversion and neuroticism = more exercise |
