231 - Abnormal Cell - Ch. 48 Breast Disorders

Front 1

adjuvant chemotherapy

Back 1

use of anticancer medications in addition to other treatments (ie surgery, radiation) to delay or prevent a recurrence of the disease

Front 2

aromatase inhibitors

Back 2

medications that block the production of estrogens by the adrenal glands

Front 3

atypical hyperplasia

Back 3

abnormal increase in the number of cells in a specific area within the ductal or lobular areas of the breast; this abnormal proliferation increases the risk for cancer

Front 4

benign proliferative breast disease

Back 4

various types of atypical, yet noncancerous, breast tissue that increase the risk for breast cancer

Front 5

brachytherapy

Back 5

form of partial breast radiation in which a radioactive source is placed within the lumpectomy site

Front 6

BRCA-1 and BRCA-2

Back 6

genes on chromosome 17 that, when damaged or mutated, place a woman at greater risk for breast cancer and / or ovarian cancer compared with women who do not have the mutation

Front 7

breast conservation treatment

Back 7

surgery to remove a breast tumor and a margin of tissue around the tumor without removing any other part of the breast; may or may not include lymph node removal and radiation therapy

Front 8

dose-dense chemotherapy

Back 8

administration of chemotherapeutic agents at standard doses with shorter time intervals between each cycle of treatment

Front 9

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Back 9

cancer cells that start int he ductal system of the breast but have not penetrated the surrounding tissue

Front 10

estrogen and progesterone receptor assay

Back 10

test to determine whether the breast tumor is nourished by hormones; this information helps in determining prognosis and treatment

Front 11

fibrocystic breast changes

Back 11

term used to describe certain benign changes in the breast typically associated with palpable nodularity, lumpiness, swelling, or pain

Front 12

fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

Back 12

removal of fluid for diagnostic analysis from a cyst or cells from a mass using a needle and syringe

Front 13

galactography

Back 13

use of mammography after an injection of radiopaque dye to diagnose problems in the ductal system of the breast

Front 14

gynecomastia

Back 14

overdeveloped breasts tissue typically seen in adolescent boys

Front 15

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

Back 15

atypical change and proliferation of the lobular cells of the breast; previously considered a premalignant condition but now considered a marker of increased risk for invasive breast cancer

Front 16

lymphedema

Back 16

chronic swelling of an extremity due to interrupted lymphatic circulation, typically from an axillary lympth node dissection

Front 17

mammoplasty

Back 17

surgical procedure to reconstruct or change the size or shape of the breast; an be performed for reduction or augmentation

Front 18

mastalgia

Back 18

breast pain, usually r/t hormonal fluctuations or irritation of a nerve

Front 19

mastitis

Back 19

inflammation or infection of the breast

Front 20

modified radical mastectomy

Back 20

removal of the breast tissue, nipple-areola complex, and a portion of the axillary lymph nodes

Front 21

neoadjuvant therapy

Back 21

preoperative chemotherapy; it is administered preoperatively to shrink a large tumor

Front 22

Paget disease

Back 22

form of breast cancer that begins in the ductal system and involves the nipple, areola, and surrounding skin

Front 23

prophylactic mastectomy

Back 23

removal of the breast to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women considered to be at high risk for development of the disease

Front 24

sentinel lymph node

Back 24

first lymph node(s) in the lymphatic basin that receives drainage from the primary tumor in the breast; identified by a radioisotope and/or blue dye

Front 25

steriotactic biopsy

Back 25

computer-guided method of core needle biopsy that is useful when masses in the breast cannot be felt but can be visualized using mammography

Front 26

surgical biopsy

Back 26

procedure in which an entire mass or a portion of it is surgically removed for examination under a microscope by a pathologist

Front 27

tissue expander followed by permanent implant

Back 27

series of surgical procedures used to reconstruct the breast after a mastectomy; involves stretching the skin and muscle before inserting the permanent implant

Front 28

total mastectomy

Back 28

removal of the breast tissue and nipple-areola complex

Front 29

transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap

Back 29

method of breast reconstruction in which a flap of skin, fat, and muscle from the lower abdomen, with its attached blood supply, is rotated to the mastectomy site

Front 30

ultrasonography

Back 30

imaging method using high-frequency sound waves to diagnose whether masses are solid or fluid-filled